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Article Highlights
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The Article Highlights database provides short and structured views of articles and publications on occupational cancer risks and prevention, selected by EuroWorksafe experts from different renowned OHS and biomedical journals. For each article, reference, exposure, study design, occupation / workplace and main results are summarized for your convenience to ease your study and improve your work.
519 Article Highlights:
1.
Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Binkova B, Sram RJ, Kalina I, Popov T, Farmer PB. Repair competence assay in studies of the influence of environmental exposure to c-PAHs on individual susceptibility to induction of DNA damage. Mutat Res. 2007 Jul 1;620(1-2):155-64. Epub 2007 Mar 12
REFERENCE
Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Binkova B, Sram RJ, Kalina I, Popov T, Farmer PB. Repair competence assay in studies of the influence of environmental exposure to c-PAHs on individual susceptibility to induction of DNA damage. Mutat Res. 2007 Jul 1;620(1-2):155-64. Epub 2007 Mar 12
AGENT / EXPOSURE
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs).
STUDY DESIGN
The investigated pool consisted of 144 subjects from Prague, Kosice and Sofia occupationally exposed to environmental c-PAHs, who were municipal policemen or bus drivers. A control group of 115 matched individuals consisted of males unexposed at work to c-PAHs.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
policemen, bus drivers
CANCER
The research proved the influence of environmental c-PAHs, genotypes, and life styles on DNA damage and on its repair efficiency. Even low exposure to environmental c-PAHs altered DNA repair abilities of the subjects, which may result in an increased cancer risk.
NOTES
No notes
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2.
Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Pawłyk I, Panek A, Wiecheć A, Kalina I, Popov T, Georgieva T, Farmer PB. Exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: influences on cellular susceptibility to DNA damage (sampling Kosice and Sofia). Mutat Res. 2007 Jul 1;620(1-2):145-54. Epub 2007 Mar 12.
REFERENCE
Cebulska-Wasilewska A, PawÅyk I, Panek A, WiecheÄ A, Kalina I, Popov T, Georgieva T, Farmer PB. Exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: influences on cellular susceptibility to DNA damage (sampling Kosice and Sofia). Mutat Res. 2007 Jul 1;620(1-2):145-54. Epub 2007 Mar 12
AGENT / EXPOSURE
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs).
STUDY DESIGN
The group exposed to c-PAHs consisted of 52 policemen from Kosice and 26 policemen and 25 bus drivers (51 altogether) from Sofia. The control group (average age of 36.4 years) consisted of 54 unexposed subjects from Kosice and 24 from Sofia
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
policemen, bus drivers
CANCER
These results confirm that environmental exposure to c-PAHs can alter the ability of blood lymphocytes to repair DNA damage and, as a result could potentially lead to effects that are hazardous to human health, and increase cancer risk
NOTES
No notes
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3.
Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Wiecheć A, Panek A, Binková B, Srám RJ, Farmer PB. Influence of environmental exposure to PAHs on the susceptibility of lymphocytes to DNA-damage induction and on their repair capacity. Mutat Res. 2005 Dec 30;588(2):73-81. Epub 2005 Nov 28
REFERENCE
Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Wiecheć A, Panek A, Binková B, Srám RJ, Farmer PB. Influence of environmental exposure to PAHs on the susceptibility of lymphocytes to DNA-damage induction and on their repair capacity. Mutat Res. 2005 Dec 30;588(2):73-81. Epub 2005 Nov 28
AGENT / EXPOSURE
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs)
STUDY DESIGN
The cellular susceptibility to the induction of the DNA damage and the repair capacity of exposed donors (policemen) are presented in comparison with matched controls. Monitoring was performed and blood samples (164 donors) were collected in Prague, Czech Republic, during the winter and summer seasons
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
policemen
CANCER
Results suggest that environmental exposure to c-PAHs affects the cellular repair processes and can lead to harmful effects hazardous to human health, and increase cancer risk
NOTES
No notes
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4.
Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Panek A, Zabiński Z, Moszczyński P, Au WW. Occupational exposure to mercury vapour on genotoxicity and DNA repair. Mutat Res. 2005 Oct 3;586(2):102-14
REFERENCE
Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Panek A, Zabiński Z, Moszczyński P, Au WW. Occupational exposure to mercury vapour on genotoxicity and DNA repair. Mutat Res. 2005 Oct 3;586(2):102-14
AGENT / EXPOSURE
mercury vapours
STUDY DESIGN
A population study to investigate whether current occupational exposure to mercury can cause genotoxicity and can affect DNA repair efficiency. Blood samples from 25 exposed workers and 50 matched controls were investigated for the expression of genotoxicity
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
not specified
CANCER
Exposure to hazardous environmental agents like mercury vapour can cause deficiency in DNA repair. Therefore, these affected individuals may have exposure-related increase of health risk from continued exposure and in combination with exposure to other genotoxic agents.
NOTES
No notes
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5.
Farmer PB, Singh R, Kaur B, Sram RJ, Binkova B, Kalina I, Popov TA, Garte S, Taioli E, Gabelova A, Cebulska-Wasilewska A. Molecular epidemiology studies of carcinogenic environmental pollutants. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental pollution on exogenous and oxidative DNA damage. Mutat Res. 2003 Nov;544(2-3):397-402
REFERENCE
Farmer PB, Singh R, Kaur B, Sram RJ, Binkova B, Kalina I, Popov TA, Garte S, Taioli E, Gabelova A, Cebulska-Wasilewska A. Molecular epidemiology studies of carcinogenic environmental pollutants. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental pollution on exogenous and oxidative DNA damage. Mutat Res. 2003 Nov;544(2-3):397-402.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs)
STUDY DESIGN
Policemen, bus drivers and controls, who carried personal monitors to determine their exposures to PAHs have been studied, and blood and urine were collected. Antioxidant and dietary status were assessed in these populations. Stationary monitors were also used for ambient air monitoring.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
policemen, bus drivers
CANCER
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) are associated with particulate matter in air pollution, and has showed clear evidence of genotoxic effects, such as DNA adducts, chromosome aberrations (CA) and ras oncogene overexpression
NOTES
No notes
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6.
Pastor S, Gutiérrez S, Creus A, Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Marcos R. Micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells of Polish farmers exposed to pesticides. Mutat Res. 2001 Aug 22;495(1-2):147-56
REFERENCE
Pastor S, Gutiérrez S, Creus A, Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Marcos R. Micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells of Polish farmers exposed to pesticides. Mutat Res. 2001 Aug 22;495(1-2):147-56
AGENT / EXPOSURE
pesticides
STUDY DESIGN
Forty-nine male workers exposed to pesticides, from an agricultural area of Malopolska Region in Southern Poland, together with 50 men from the same area without indication of exposure to pesticides that served as controls, were used in this investigation
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
agricultural workers
CANCER
occupational exposure to a complex mixture of chemical pesticides produced a significant increase of micronuclei (MN) in both peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal cells
NOTES
No notes
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7.
Biggeri A, Lagazio C, Catelan D, Pirastu R, Casson F, Terracini B. [Report on health status of residents in areas with industrial, mining or military sites in Sardinia, Italy]. Epidemiol Prev. 2006 Jan-Feb;30(1 Suppl 1):5-95
REFERENCE
Biggeri A, Lagazio C, Catelan D, Pirastu R, Casson F, Terracini B. [Report on health status of residents in areas with industrial, mining or military sites in Sardinia, Italy]. Epidemiol Prev. 2006 Jan-Feb;30(1 Suppl 1):5-95
AGENT / EXPOSURE
aluminium, coal mining, lead, zinc, wastes, gas and mineral oil deposits, benzene, polyethylene, elastomers, vinyl chloride, toluene, ethylene, propylene
STUDY DESIGN
Not specified
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
workers in industrial areas
CANCER
this study shows the difference in the health aspect between residents in different areas of Sardinia and the whole of Italy. In Sardinia has been found an excess of respiratory diseases (including cancer) in several industrial areas, and in the mining areas; diseases of the digestive tract, liver cancer and lymphohaemopoietic cancer in another area; cancer of the lymphohaemopoietic system in some military areas; cancers of the colon and rectum, lung, breast and uterus in some of the major cities of the Region.
NOTES
No notes
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8.
Bellia M, Ferrara A, Bellia S, Serafino L, Milana F, Farruggia E. [Silica carcinogenicity: description of a clinical case]. Med Lav. 2007 Jul-Aug;98(4):312-9.
REFERENCE
Bellia M, Ferrara A, Bellia S, Serafino L, Milana F, Farruggia E. [Silica carcinogenicity: description of a clinical case]. Med Lav. 2007 Jul-Aug;98(4):312-9.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Silica
STUDY DESIGN
Not specified
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
workers of a ceramics industry
CANCER
the relationship between pneumoconiosis and cancer is debated and lung cancer has been recognized as an occupational disease. This study concludes that a causative relationship can exist due more to the presence of silicosis than to occupational exposure to silica.
NOTES
No notes
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9.
Rousseau MC, Parent ME, Nadon L, Latreille B, Siemiatycki J. Occupational Exposure to Lead Compounds and Risk of Cancer among Men: A Population-based Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug 9; [Epub ahead of print]
REFERENCE
Rousseau MC, Parent ME, Nadon L, Latreille B, Siemiatycki J. Occupational Exposure to Lead Compounds and Risk of Cancer among Men: A Population-based Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug 9; [Epub ahead of print]
AGENT / EXPOSURE
organic and inorganic lead
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study conducted in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in the 1980s.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
the data obtained show that stomach cancer was associated with organic lead. There is no association with inorganic lead and little evidence for associations with other cancer types.
NOTES
No notes
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10.
Parent ME, Rousseau MC, Boffetta P, Cohen A, Siemiatycki J. Exposure to diesel and gasoline engine emissions and the risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Jan 1;165(1):53-62. Epub 2006 Oct 24.
REFERENCE
Parent ME, Rousseau MC, Boffetta P, Cohen A, Siemiatycki J. Exposure to diesel and gasoline engine emissions and the risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Jan 1;165(1):53-62. Epub 2006 Oct 24.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
diesel and gasoline engine
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study in Montreal, Canada.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
this study shows some limited support for the hypothesis of an excess lung cancer risk due to diesel exhaust but no support for an increase in risk due to gasoline exhaust.
NOTES
No notes
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11.
McElroy JA, Egan KM, Titus-Ernstoff L, Anderson HA, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA.Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and breast cancer risk in a large, population-based, case-control study in the United States. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Mar;49(3):266-74.
REFERENCE
McElroy JA, Egan KM, Titus-Ernstoff L, Anderson HA, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA.Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and breast cancer risk in a large, population-based, case-control study in the United States. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Mar;49(3):266-74.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
electromagnetic fields
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study in the United States
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
The data obtained suggest that exposure to electromagnetic fields in the workplace may be associated with a little increase in breast cancer risk.
NOTES
No notes
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12.
Baldi I, Lebailly P. [Cancers and pesticides]. Rev Prat. 2007 Jun 15;57(11 Suppl):40-4.
REFERENCE
Baldi I, Lebailly P. [Cancers and pesticides]. Rev Prat. 2007 Jun 15;57(11 Suppl):40-4.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
pesticides
STUDY DESIGN
Epidemiological study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
while meta-analyses have revealed a lower rate of some types of cancer in farmers
(lung, esophagus, bladder), others seem to be modestly over-represented. Some cancers, such as hematological malignancies, are studied more frequently when it comes to an association with pesticides, but other suspected risk factors, often associated, are studied as well.
NOTES
No Notes
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13.
Monge P, Wesseling C, Guardado J, Lundberg I, Ahlbom A, Cantor KP, Weiderpass E, Partanen T. Parental occupational exposure to pesticides and the risk of childhood leukaemia in Costa Rica. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007 Aug;33(4):293-303.
REFERENCE
Monge P, Wesseling C, Guardado J, Lundberg I, Ahlbom A, Cantor KP, Weiderpass E, Partanen T. Parental occupational exposure to pesticides and the risk of childhood leukaemia in Costa Rica. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007 Aug;33(4):293-303.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
pesticides
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
The data suggest that parental exposure to some pesticides may increase the risk of leukaemia in offspring.
NOTES
No notes
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14.
[No authors listed]. New approaches in safe handling of hazardous drugs. ONS News. 2004;19(9 Suppl):31-2.
REFERENCE
[No authors listed]. New approaches in safe handling of hazardous drugs. ONS News. 2004;19(9 Suppl):31-2.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
hazardous drugs
STUDY DESIGN
This study provide an overview of the health effects of occupational exposure to
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
No specified
CANCER
This study provides information about specific steps to reduce accidental exposure, such as reducing surface contamination, use of personal protective equipment, and proper disposal guidelines.
NOTES
No notes
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15.
Tomioka K, Kumagai S. [Health risks of occupational exposure to anticancer (antineoplastic) drugs in health care workers]. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2005 Sep;47(5):195-203.
REFERENCE
Tomioka K, Kumagai S. [Health risks of occupational exposure to anticancer (antineoplastic) drugs in health care workers]. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2005 Sep;47(5):195-203.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
antineoplastic drugs
STUDY DESIGN
No specified
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
health care workers
CANCER
this study is an overview of health risks of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in health care workers in Japan. Aim of this work is to promote action to spread the use of the appropriate personal protective equipment and the appropriate working environment.
NOTES
No notes
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16.
Bates MN. Registry-based case-control study of cancer in California firefighters. Am J Ind Med. 2007 May;50(5):339-44.
REFERENCE
Bates MN. Registry-based case-control study of cancer in California firefighters. Am J Ind Med. 2007 May;50(5):339-44
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
case-control studies
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
firefighters
CANCER
the data obtained did not show an increased cancer risk in California firefighters. However, this study, produced evidence supporting some prior hypotheses.
NOTES
No notes
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17.
Iarmarcovai G, Botta A, Orsière T. [Changes in chromosome number, genetic instability, and occupational exposures]. Bull Cancer. 2007 Apr 1;94(4):381-8.
REFERENCE
Iarmarcovai G, Botta A, Orsière T. [Changes in chromosome number, genetic instability, and occupational exposures]. Bull Cancer. 2007 Apr 1;94(4):381-8.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
environmental mutagens or carcinogens
STUDY DESIGN
Molecular epidemiology
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
this study shows that the centrosome abnormalities seem to be linked with an increase in genetic instability.
NOTES
[Article in French]
(Close)
18.
Clavel J. Progress in the epidemiological understanding of gene-environment interactions in major diseases: cancer. C R Biol. 2007 Apr;330(4):306-17. Epub 2007 Apr 5.
REFERENCE
Clavel J. Progress in the epidemiological understanding of gene-environment interactions in major diseases: cancer. C R Biol. 2007 Apr;330(4):306-17. Epub 2007 Apr 5.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
epidemiology review
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
this study shows that cancers result from complex interactions between genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors. The roles of environmental and genetic factors are being jointly elucidated.
NOTES
No notes
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19.
Nori F, Carbone P, Giordano F, Osborn J, Figa -Talamanca I. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and testicular cancer: a case-control study. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2006 Mar-Apr;61(2):87-95.
REFERENCE
Nori F, Carbone P, Giordano F, Osborn J, Figa -Talamanca I. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and testicular cancer: a case-control study. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2006 Mar-Apr;61(2):87-95.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
this study shows that there is no association between occupational exposures and testicular cancer. This study also confirms previously identified risk factors, such as history of cryptorchidism and undescended testicle, high educational level, and low birth weight, and it gives some support to the hypothesis of a possible association between EDC exposures and testicular cancer
NOTES
No notes
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20.
Fucic A, Znaor A, Strnad M, van der Hel O, Aleksandrov A, Miskov S, Grah J, Sedlar M, Jazbec AM, Ceppi M, Vermeulen R, Boffetta P, Norppa H, Bonassi S. Chromosome damage and cancer risk in the workplace: The example of cytogenetic surveillance in Croatia. Toxicol Lett. 2007 Jul 30;172(1-2):4-11. Epub 2007 May 25.
REFERENCE
Fucic A, Znaor A, Strnad M, van der Hel O, Aleksandrov A, Miskov S, Grah J, Sedlar M, Jazbec AM, Ceppi M, Vermeulen R, Boffetta P, Norppa H, Bonassi S. Chromosome damage and cancer risk in the workplace: The example of cytogenetic surveillance in Croatia. Toxicol Lett. 2007 Jul 30;172(1-2):4-11. Epub 2007 May 25.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
ionizing radiation, chemical agents
STUDY DESIGN
cohort study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
this study shows a significant increase in mean CA frequency observed in groups exposed to ionizing radiations, chemical agents, and mixed exposures when compared with a group of unexposed referents. Although the small size of the cohort did not allow for reaching statistical significance.
NOTES
No notes
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21.
Neri M, Ugolini D, Bonassi S, Fucic A, Holland N, Knudsen LE, Srám RJ, Ceppi M, Bocchini V, Merlo DF. Children´s exposure to environmental pollutants and biomarkers of genetic damage. Mutat Res. 2006 Jan;612(1):14-39. Epub 2005 Jul 18.
REFERENCE
Neri M, Ugolini D, Bonassi S, Fucic A, Holland N, Knudsen LE, Srám RJ, Ceppi M, Bocchini V, Merlo DF. Children´s exposure to environmental pollutants and biomarkers of genetic damage. Mutat Res. 2006 Jan;612(1):14-39. Epub 2005 Jul 18
AGENT / EXPOSURE
environmental pollutants
STUDY DESIGN
Molecular epidemiology
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
this study shows that among the cytogenetic biomarkers that are frequently used in field studies, chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) were found consistently increased in children exposed to environmental pollutants.
Future research and biomonitoring programs on children would greatly benefit from the use of selected biomarkers that could provide biologically based evidence for the identification of intervention priorities in environmental health.
NOTES
No notes
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22.
Lewinska D, Palus J, Stepnik M, DziubaÃ
âtowska E, Beck J, RydzyÃ
âski K, Natarajan. Micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells of copper smelter workers, with special regard to arsenic exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 Apr;80(5):371-80. Epub 2007 Feb 3.
REFERENCE
Lewinska D, Palus J, Stepnik M, DziubaÃ
âtowska E, Beck J, RydzyÃ
âski K, Natarajan. Micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells of copper smelter workers, with special regard to arsenic exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 Apr;80(5):371-80. Epub 2007 Feb 3.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
arsenic
STUDY DESIGN
molecular epidemiology study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
copper smelter workers
CANCER
The results of this study show a significant increase in MN frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in buccal epithelial cells of smelter workers, compared to the controls. However, the difference was not statistically significant and no correlation was found between content in copper urine and the genotoxic effect.
NOTES
No notes
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23.
Baumann F, Rougier Y, Ambrosi JP, Robineau BP. Pleural mesothelioma in New Caledonia: an acute environmental concern. Cancer Detect Prev. 2007;31(1):70-6. Epub 2007 Feb 23.
REFERENCE
Baumann F, Rougier Y, Ambrosi JP, Robineau BP. Pleural mesothelioma in New Caledonia: an acute environmental concern. Cancer Detect Prev. 2007;31(1):70-6. Epub 2007 Feb 23.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
traditional lime, called "Pö"
STUDY DESIGN
Case-controls study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
The data obtained did not explain all cases of mesothelioma in New Caledonia; only serpentinite in the soil was identified as a significant risk factor.
NOTES
No notes
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24.
Johnson ES, Zhou Y. Non-cancer mortality in supermarket meat workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Aug;49(8):846-52.
REFERENCE
Johnson ES, Zhou Y. Non-cancer mortality in supermarket meat workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Aug;49(8):846-52.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
supermarket meat workers
CANCER
The data obtained show an increase in deaths from ischemic heart disease, other diseases of the kidney and ureter, alcoholism, and subarachnoid hemorrhage in supermarket meat workers.
However the numbers were too small to interpret the increase in deaths from subarachnoid hemorrhage and acute nephritis in men and peritonitis in women.
The role of occupational exposure to transmissible agents and exposure to fumes from the wrapping machine need further investigations.
NOTES
No notes
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25.
Suarez B, Lopez-Abente G, Martinez C, Navarro C, Tormo MJ, Rosso S, Schraub S, Gafa L, Sancho-Garnier H, Wechsler J, Zanetti R.Occupation and skin cancer: the results of the HELIOS-I multicenter case-control study. BMC Public Health. 2007 Jul 26;7(1):180 [Epub ahead of print]
REFERENCE
Suarez B, Lopez-Abente G, Martinez C, Navarro C, Tormo MJ, Rosso S, Schraub S, Gafa L, Sancho-Garnier H, Wechsler J, Zanetti R.Occupation and skin cancer: the results of the HELIOS-I multicenter case-control study. BMC Public Health. 2007 Jul 26;7(1):180 [Epub ahead of print]
AGENT / EXPOSURE
hazardous air pollutants, arsenic, ionizing radiations and burns
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
miners, quarrymen, secondary education teachers, masons, railway engine drivers, firemen, specialised farmers, salesmen, construction workers.
CANCER
exposure to hazardous air pollutants, arsenic, ionizing radiations and burns may explain a good part of the associations between these substances and skin cancer.
NOTES
No notes
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26.
Baverstock K, Williams D. The Chernobyl accident 20 years on: an assessment of the health consequences and the international response. Cien Saude Colet. 2007 May-Jun;12(3):689-98.
REFERENCE
Baverstock K, Williams D. The Chernobyl accident 20 years on: an assessment of the health consequences and the international response. Cien Saude Colet. 2007 May-Jun;12(3):689-98.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
radioisotopes of iodine
STUDY DESIGN
environmental study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
No specified
CANCER
radioisotopes of iodine have caused several thousand cases of thyroid cancer but very few deaths above all in most susceptible subjects (children).
NOTES
No notes
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27.
Walschaerts M, Muller A, Auger J, Bujan L, Guérin JF, Lannou DL, Clavert A, Spira A, Jouannet P, Thonneau P. Environmental, occupational and familial risks for testicular cancer: a hospital-based case-control study. Int J Androl. 2007 Aug;30(4):222-9.
REFERENCE
Walschaerts M, Muller A, Auger J, Bujan L, Guérin JF, Lannou DL, Clavert A, Spira A, Jouannet P, Thonneau P. Environmental, occupational and familial risks for testicular cancer: a hospital-based case-control study. Int J Androl. 2007 Aug;30(4):222-9
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
metal trimming, chemical manufacture, industrial production of glue and welding
CANCER
the data obtained show that neither living in a rural area nor any occupational exposure appeared to be a potential environmental testicular cancer risk factor.
NOTES
No notes
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28.
Gehanno JF, Takahashi K, Darmoni S, Weber J. Citation classics in occupational medicine journals. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007 Aug;33(4):245-51.
REFERENCE
Gehanno JF, Takahashi K, Darmoni S, Weber J. Citation classics in occupational medicine journals. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007 Aug;33(4):245-51.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
Statistical analysis
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
this study shows that since the 1980s, Scandinavia and the United States have taken the leadership in the publication of occupational medicine journals. Nevertheless, according to the level of citations, the influence of literature published in occupational medicine journals remains limited.
NOTES
No notes
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29.
Lee Davis D, Donovan M, Herberman R, Gaynor M, Axelrod D, van Larebeke N, Sasco AJ. The need to develop centers for environmental oncology. Biomed Pharmacother. 2007 Jul 5; [Epub ahead of print]
REFERENCE
Lee Davis D, Donovan M, Herberman R, Gaynor M, Axelrod D, van Larebeke N, Sasco AJ. The need to develop centers for environmental oncology. Biomed Pharmacother. 2007 Jul 5; [Epub ahead of print]
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
Environmental epidemiology
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
The aim of centers for environmental oncology is to improve the cancer prevention, developing effective interventions based on results obtained from epidemiology and basic research on genomic and biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility, and disease. These centers will develop specific interventions and policy recommendations regarding ways to lower the burden of cancer, based on existing information about cancer hazards in the personal, occupational, and general environment.
NOTES
No notes
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30.
Fucic A, Znaor A, Strnad M, van der Hel O, Aleksandrov A, Miskov S, Grah J, Sedlar M, Jazbec AM, Ceppi M, Vermeulen R, Boffetta P, Norppa H, Bonassi S. Chromosome damage and cancer risk in the workplace: The example of cytogenetic surveillance in Croatia.Toxicol Lett. 2007 Jul 30;172(1-2):4-11. Epub 2007 May 25.
REFERENCE
Fucic A, Znaor A, Strnad M, van der Hel O, Aleksandrov A, Miskov S, Grah J, Sedlar M, Jazbec AM, Ceppi M, Vermeulen R, Boffetta P, Norppa H, Bonassi S. Chromosome damage and cancer risk in the workplace: The example of cytogenetic surveillance in Croatia.Toxicol Lett. 2007 Jul 30;172(1-2):4-11. Epub 2007 May 25.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
ionizing radiation, chemical agents, and mixed exposures
STUDY DESIGN
molecular epidemiology study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
This study shows a increase in CA frequency in groups exposed to ionizing radiation, chemical agents, and mixed exposures when compared with a group of unexposed referents. Although the small size of the cohort did not allow to reach a statistical significance
NOTES
No notes
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31.
Bakke B, Stewart PA, Waters MA. Uses of and exposure to trichloroethylene in U.S. industry: a systematic literature review. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007 May;4(5):375-90.
REFERENCE
Bakke B, Stewart PA, Waters MA. Uses of and exposure to trichloroethylene in U.S. industry: a systematic literature review. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007 May;4(5):375-90.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
trichloroethylene
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
industrial workers
CANCER
the data described can be used to point out the exposure to trichloroethylene and to identify the presence and approximate levels of exposure.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
32.
Maguire M, O´Connell T. Ill-health retirement of schoolteachers in the Republic of Ireland. Occup Med (Lond). 2007 May;57(3):191-3. Epub 2007 Feb 22.
REFERENCE
Maguire M, O´Connell T. Ill-health retirement of schoolteachers in the Republic of Ireland. Occup Med (Lond). 2007 May;57(3):191-3. Epub 2007 Feb 22.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
Not specified
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
teachers
CANCER
The most common reasons for Ill-health retirement are mental disorders (46%), cancer (19%), circulatory (14%) and musculoskeletal disorders (10%). The rate of Ill-health retirement among Irish teachers is similar to that of other occupational groups, with psychiatric conditions, cancer and circulatory diseases as the main causes.
NOTES
No notes
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33.
Schultz AB, Edington DW. Employee Health and Presenteeism: A Systematic Review. J Occup Rehabil. 2007 Jul 25; [Epub ahead of print]
REFERENCE
Schultz AB, Edington DW. Employee Health and Presenteeism: A Systematic Review. J Occup Rehabil. 2007 Jul 25; [Epub ahead of print]
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
Review
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
this study show that health conditions such as allergies and arthritis are associated with presenteeism. Moreover, health risks which traditionally are measured taking into account physical activity and body weight, also show an association with presenteeism.
NOTES
No notes
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34.
Guardino SD, Daynard RA. Tobacco industry lawyers as "disease vectors". Tob Control. 2007 Aug;16(4):224-8.
REFERENCE
Guardino SD, Daynard RA. Tobacco industry lawyers as "disease vectors". Tob Control. 2007 Aug;16(4):224-8.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Tobacco
STUDY DESIGN
This study discusses the critical part that lawyers have played in the proliferation of tobacco related illness
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
Tobacco related diseases have proliferated partly because of tobacco compains have impeded the flow of information about the dangers of smoking. Stricter professional oversight is needed to censure that this trend does not continue.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
35.
Beckjord EB, Finney Rutten LJ, Squiers L, Arora NK, Volckmann L, Moser RP, Hesse BW. Use of the internet to communicate with health care providers in the United States: estimates from the 2003 and 2005 Health Information National Trends Surveys (HINTS). J Med Internet Res. 2007 Jul 12;9(3):e20.
REFERENCE
Beckjord EB, Finney Rutten LJ, Squiers L, Arora NK, Volckmann L, Moser RP, Hesse BW. Use of the internet to communicate with health care providers in the United States: estimates from the 2003 and 2005 Health Information National Trends Surveys (HINTS). J Med Internet Res. 2007 Jul 12;9(3):e20.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
The aim of the study was to use nationally representative data to report on the prevalence of and changes in use of online patient-provider communication in 2003 and 2005 and to describe sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with its use.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
Despite wide diffusion of the Internet, online patient-provider communication remains a significant barrier to online patient-provider communication.
Policy-level changes are needed to improve the availability and effectiveness of online patient-provider communication for health care consumers and health care providers.
NOTES
No notes
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36.
Sass-Kortsak AM, Purdham JT, Kreiger N, Darlington G, Lightfoot NE. Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Aug;50(8):568-76.
REFERENCE
Sass-Kortsak AM, Purdham JT, Kreiger N, Darlington G, Lightfoot NE. Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Aug;50(8):568-76.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study in Northeastern Ontario, Canada
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
employment in trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations, possibly related to exposure to whole-body vibration
CANCER
This study did not show association between occupational factors and prostate cancer. No statistically significant associations were found for any other occupational category or exposure.
NOTES
No notes
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37.
Tsai SP, Ahmed FS, Wendt JK, Foster DE, Donnelly RP, Strawmyer TR. A 56-year mortality follow-up of Texas petroleum refinery and chemical employees, 1948-2003. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 May;49(5):557-67.
REFERENCE
Tsai SP, Ahmed FS, Wendt JK, Foster DE, Donnelly RP, Strawmyer TR. A 56-year mortality follow-up of Texas petroleum refinery and chemical employees, 1948-2003. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 May;49(5):557-67.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Asbestos
STUDY DESIGN
Cohort study in Texas
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Workers in petroleum refinery industry
CANCER
This study did not show a significant increase in leukaemia in the total population or in any of the subgroups. The only statistically significant excess of mortality found in this study is an increase in mesothelioma among maintenance workers. The increased mesothelioma is likely related to past exposure to asbestos.
NOTES
No notes
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38.
Simning A, van Wijngaarden E. Literature review of cancer mortality and incidence among dentists. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jul;64(7):432-8. Epub 2007 Jan 25.
REFERENCE
Simning A, van Wijngaarden E. Literature review of cancer mortality and incidence among dentists. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jul;64(7):432-8. Epub 2007 Jan 25
AGENT / EXPOSURE
No specified
STUDY DESIGN
Epidemiological review
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Dentist
CANCER
Dentist cancer mortality and incidence generally show a positive risk pattern for lung cancer and overall cancer occurrence. However different , several studies reported an increased risk for some cancers, such as those of the skin and the brain and female breast.
NOTES
No notes
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39.
Kulagowska E. [Working conditions in operating rooms]. Med Pr. 2007;58(1):1-5.
REFERENCE
Kulagowska E. [Working conditions in operating rooms]. Med Pr. 2007;58(1):1-5.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
Not specified
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
nursing staff in operating rooms
CANCER
The data obtained show that working conditions in operating rooms do not ensure
safety of the nursing staff at work. Several sources of problems are: technical factors, work space, work organization, work equipment, knowledge of hazards and strenuous factors among nurses, ways of preventing and/or limiting them.
NOTES
No notes
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40.
Connelly JM, Malkin MG. Environmental risk factors for brain tumors. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2007 May;7(3):208-14.
REFERENCE
Connelly JM, Malkin MG. Environmental risk factors for brain tumors. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2007 May;7(3):208-14.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
electromagnetic fields, occupational exposures, nitroso-containing compounds, hair products and allergic and immunologic factors.
STUDY DESIGN
epidemiological review
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
Some factors of interest in adult brain tumor epidemiology include electromagnetic fields, occupational exposures, nitroso-containing compounds, hair products and allergic and immunologic factors. Although any factors possess the statistical significance to confidently ascribe causation. However, new findings and associations, above all in allergology and immunology, have interesting opportunities for further development.
NOTES
No notes
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41.
Sari-Minodier I, Orsière T, Auquier P, Martin F, Botta A. Cytogenetic monitoring by use of the micronucleus assay among hospital workers exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Mutat Res. 2007 May 18;629(2):111-21. Epub 2007 Feb 23.
REFERENCE
Sari-Minodier I, Orsière T, Auquier P, Martin F, Botta A. Cytogenetic monitoring by use of the micronucleus assay among hospital workers exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Mutat Res. 2007 May 18;629(2):111-21. Epub 2007 Feb 23.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
ionizing radiation.
STUDY DESIGN
Not specified
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
hospital workers
CANCER
this study shows that chromosomal damage leading to micronucleated lymphocytes is more
frequent in hospital workers exposed to ionizing radiation than in controls, despite the very low levels of exposure.
NOTES
No notes
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42.
Gomez Raposo C, De Castro Carpeno J, Gonzalez Baron M. [Causes of lung cancer: smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, occupational and environmental exposures and genetic predisposition]. Med Clin (Barc). 2007 Mar 17;128(10):390-6.
REFERENCE
Gomez Raposo C, De Castro Carpeno J, Gonzalez Baron M. [Causes of lung cancer: smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, occupational and environmental exposures and genetic predisposition]. Med Clin (Barc). 2007 Mar 17;128(10):390-6.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
tobacco smoke
STUDY DESIGN
Review
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
in this study has been done an update of aetiology factors of lung cancer: risk related to duration and intensity of smoking, relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer risk, genetic predisposition and a variety of occupational and environmental exposures implicated as potential risk factors.
NOTES
No notes
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43.
Scarselli A, Montaruli C, Marinaccio A. The Italian Information System on Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens (SIREP): Structure, Contents and Future Perspectives. Ann Occup Hyg. 2007 Jun 25; [Epub ahead of print]
REFERENCE
Scarselli A, Montaruli C, Marinaccio A. The Italian Information System on Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens (SIREP): Structure, Contents and Future Perspectives. Ann Occup Hyg. 2007 Jun 25; [Epub ahead of print]
AGENT / EXPOSURE
hardwood dust, benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
STUDY DESIGN
Not specified
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
most observed job is chemical-processing plant operator of petrochemical plants
CANCER
the professional exposures of approximately 30.000 workers from 2778 companies were reported to the SIREP database in the period 1996-2005. The three prevalent exposures have been evaluated: hardwood dust, benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Aim of this database is to assess, control and reduce the carcinogen risk in the workplace.
NOTES
No notes
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44.
Bonneterre V, Deschamps E, Persoons R, Bernardet C, Liaudy S, Maitre A, de Gaudemaris R. Sino-nasal cancer and exposure to leather dust. Occupational Medicine Advance Access published online on June 24, 2007
REFERENCE
Bonneterre V, Deschamps E, Persoons R, Bernardet C, Liaudy S, Maitre A, de Gaudemaris R. Sino-nasal cancer and exposure to leather dust. Occupational Medicine Advance Access published online on June 24, 2007
AGENT / EXPOSURE
leather dust
STUDY DESIGN
case-control study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
shoe trades, especially among those working in shining, finishing and shoe repair
CANCER
this study shows an excess risk associated with exposure to leather dust. Of five cohort mortality studies, excess risk was found in all studies conducted in the shoe trades but not in the tanning industry. The four studies of the incidence of sino-nasal cancer support the excess risk in shoemaking. In the shoe trades, there is an excess risk of sino-nasal cancer, especially among those working in shining, finishing and shoe repair.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
45.
Dahlgren J, Takhar H, Schecter A, Schmidt R, Horsak R, Paepke O, Warshaw R, Lee. Residential and biological exposure assessment of chemicals from a wood treatment plant. Chemosphere .Volume 67, Issue 9, April 2007, Pages S279-S285
REFERENCE
Dahlgren J, Takhar H, Schecter A, Schmidt R, Horsak R, Paepke O, Warshaw R, Lee. Residential and biological exposure assessment of chemicals from a wood treatment plant. Chemosphere .Volume 67, Issue 9, April 2007, Pages S279-S285
AGENT / EXPOSURE
creosote, pentachlorophenol, dioxin and dioxin-like compounds
STUDY DESIGN
This study evaluates the results of contamination of residents and residential homes located in close proximity to a Wood Treatment Plant
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
the data obtained from EPAs Toxic Release Information (TRI) database show that the plant routinely discharged creosote, pentachlorophenol, dioxin and dioxin-like compounds into the environment. These levels are consistent with exposures to pentachlorophenol in this group of subjects and they confirm the presence of unsafe levels of chlorinated dioxins in these workers.
NOTES
No notes
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46.
Behrens T, Schill W, Wild P, Frentzel-Beyme R, Ahrens W. Mortality in a German cohort of asphalt workers with potential bitumen exposure. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007 ;4 Suppl 1 :201-8
REFERENCE
Behrens T, Schill W, Wild P, Frentzel-Beyme R, Ahrens W. Mortality in a German cohort of asphalt workers with potential bitumen exposure. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007 ;4 Suppl 1 :201-8
AGENT / EXPOSURE
bitumen
STUDY DESIGN
Cohort study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
asphalt workers
CANCER
the data obtained show that cancer mortality is significantly elevated among both, the exposed and unexposed subjects. The internal comparison between bitumen-exposed and unexposed workers is elevated, but there isnt a significant association with lung cancer and head and neck cancers.
NOTES
No notes
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47.
Pasetto R, Biggeri A, Comba P, Pirastu R. [Mortality in the cohort of workers of the petrochemical plant in Gela (Sicily) 1960-2002]. Epidemiol Prev. 2007 Jan-Feb;31(1):39-45.
REFERENCE
Pasetto R, Biggeri A, Comba P, Pirastu R. [Mortality in the cohort of workers of the petrochemical plant in Gela (Sicily) 1960-2002]. Epidemiol Prev. 2007 Jan-Feb;31(1):39-45.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
To study mortality of male workers employed in the petrochemical plant located in Gela, Sicily, Italy.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
workers employed in the petrochemical plant
CANCER
a cohort of 6458 workers employed in the period 1960-1993 was followed-up between 1st November, 1960 and 31st December, 2002.
Mortality for all causes and all malignant tumours has been observed. In this cohort the lack of information on exposure and the high percentage of missing causes of deaths (7.6%) can result in an underestimation of mortality specifically for rare diseases as the ones of an interest.
NOTES
No notes
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48.
Bardin-Mikolajczak A., Lissowska J., Zaridze D., Szeszenia-Dabrowska N., Rudnai P., Fabianova E., Mates D., Navratilova M., Bencko V., Janout V., Fevotte J., Fletcher T., Mannetje A., Brennan P., Boffetta P.Occupation and risk of lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: the IARC multi-center case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Aug;18(6):645-54.
REFERENCE
Bardin-Mikolajczak A., Lissowska J., Zaridze, D., Szeszenia-Dabrowska N., Rudnai P., Fabianova E., Mates D., Navratilova M., Bencko V., Janout V., Fevotte J., Fletcher T., Mannetje A., Brennan P., Boffetta P.Occupation and risk of lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: the IARC multi-center case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Aug;18(6):645-54.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
Case control study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
book-keepers, cashiers, general farmers, livestock workers, miners, toolmakers, metal patternmakers, glass formers, dockworkers, freight handlers, medical, dental, veterinary doctors, librarians, curators, sewers
CANCER
this study shows that industries with elevated lung cancer risk among men included mining manufacture of cement, lime, or plaster casting of metals manufacture of electric motors. For women, elevated risks were found for medical, dental, veterinary doctors, librarians and curators sewers.
NOTES
No notes
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49.
Lee WJ, Sandler DP, Blair A, Samanic C, Cross AJ, Alavanja MC. Pesticide use and colorectal cancer risk in the Agricultural Health Study. Int. J. Cancer: 121, 339346 (2007)
REFERENCE
Lee WJ, Sandler DP, Blair A, Samanic C, Cross AJ, Alavanja MC. Pesticide use and colorectal cancer risk in the Agricultural Health Study. Int. J. Cancer: 121, 339346 (2007)
AGENT / EXPOSURE
pesticides
STUDY DESIGN
to investigate the relationship between agricultural pesticides and colorectal cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
farmers
CANCER
chlorpyrifos use showed significant exposure response trend for rectal cancer. Aldicarb was associated with a significantly increased risk of colon cancer. In contrast, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid showed a significant inverse association with colon cancer.
NOTES
No notes
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50.
Pelucchi C, Pira E, Piolatto G, Coggiola M, Carta P, La Vecchia C. Occupational silica exposure and lung cancer risk: a review of epidemiological studies 1996-2005. Ann Oncol. 2006 Jul;17(7):1039-50. Epub 2006 Jan 10.
REFERENCE
Pelucchi C, Pira E, Piolatto G, Coggiola M, Carta P, La Vecchia C. Occupational silica exposure and lung cancer risk: a review of epidemiological studies 1996-2005. Ann Oncol. 2006 Jul;17(7):1039-50. Epub 2006 Jan 10.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
crystalline silica
STUDY DESIGN
epidemiological review
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
in this analysis, the association with lung cancer was consistent for silicotics, but the data were limited for non silicotic subjects and not easily explained for undefined silicosis status workers. This supports the conclusion that the carcinogenic role of silica in absence of silicosis is still unclear.
NOTES
No notes
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51.
Kauppinen T, Saalo A, Pukkala E, Virtanen S, Karjalainen A, Vuorela R. Evaluation of a National Register on Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens:Effectiveness in the Prevention of Occupational Cancer, and Cancer Risks among the Exposed Workers. Ann Occup Hyg. 2007 Jul 11; [Epub ahead of print]
REFERENCE
Kauppinen T, Saalo A, Pukkala E, Virtanen S, Karjalainen A, Vuorela R. Evaluation of a National Register on Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens:Effectiveness in the Prevention of Occupational Cancer, and Cancer Risks among the Exposed Workers. Ann Occup Hyg. 2007 Jul 11; [Epub ahead of print]
AGENT / EXPOSURE
carcinogens
STUDY DESIGN
The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of a register of workers exposed to carcinogens (ASA Register) and to study cancer risks among the notified workers.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
The ASA notification process had directly prompted measures to reduce exposure to carcinogens risks decreasing the treatment costs for cancer prevention and avoidance of human suffering among cancer patients and their families.
NOTES
No Notes
(Close)
52.
Jauchem JR. Effects of low-level radio-frequency (3kHz to 300GHz) energy on human cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, and other systems: A review of the recent literature.Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2007 Aug 8; [Epub ahead of print]
REFERENCE
Jauchem JR. Effects of low-level radio-frequency (3kHz to 300GHz) energy on human cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, and other systems: A review of the recent literature.Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2007 Aug 8; [Epub ahead of print]
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Low-level radio-frequency
STUDY DESIGN
Study design: review of epidemiological studies
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
The data did not indicate that low-level radio-frequency energy are health dangerous.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
53.
Dahlstrom KR, Little JA, Zafereo ME, Lung M, Wei Q, Sturgis EM. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in never smoker-never drinkers: A descriptive epidemiologic study. Head Neck. 2007 Aug 10; [Epub ahead of print]
REFERENCE
Dahlstrom KR, Little JA, Zafereo ME, Lung M, Wei Q, Sturgis EM. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in never smoker-never drinkers: A descriptive epidemiologic study. Head Neck. 2007 Aug 10; [Epub ahead of print]
AGENT / EXPOSURE
marijuana, environmental exposure to tobacco smoke, occupational exposures to carcinogens/toxins, gastroesophageal reflux disease, human papillomavirus type 16.
STUDY DESIGN
descriptive epidemiologic study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
The data shows that the patients are commonly women with oral tongue cancer, and young to middle-aged men with oropharyngeal cancer. In the aetiology of these cancers in never smoker-never drinkers patients, it is likely that some unknown factors are responsible for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in these patients.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
54.
Everatt RP, Smolianskiene G, Tossavainen A, Cicenas S, Jankauskas R. Occupational asbestos exposure among respiratory cancer patients in Lithuania. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Jun;50(6):455-63.
REFERENCE
Everatt RP, Smolianskiene G, Tossavainen A, Cicenas S, Jankauskas R. Occupational asbestos exposure among respiratory cancer patients in Lithuania. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Jun;50(6):455-63.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
asbestos
STUDY DESIGN
epidemiological study in Lithuania.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
workers in foundries, construction, installation, shipyards, power plants, railways, asbestos cement, glasses and chemical industries
CANCER
The data show that about 3.4 % of lung cancer cases are likely to be caused by heavy occupational exposure to asbestos.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
55.
Garcia AM, Lopez-Jacob MJ, Dudzinski I, Gadea R, Rodrigo F. Factors associated with the activities of safety representatives in Spanish workplaces. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007 Sep;61(9):784-90.
REFERENCE
Garcia AM, Lopez-Jacob MJ, Dudzinski I, Gadea R, Rodrigo F. Factors associated with the activities of safety representatives in Spanish workplaces. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007 Sep;61(9):784-90.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Not specified
STUDY DESIGN
epidemiological study in Spain
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
This study points out that in Spain there are different safety activities above all information and advising, but it is necessary more participation of safety representatives in the workplaces.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
56.
Voelter-Mahlknecht S, Scheriau R, Zwahr G, Koch B, Escobar Pinzon LC, Drexler H, Letzel S. Skin tumors among employees of a tar refinery: the current data and their implications. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 May;80(6):485-95. Epub 2006 Nov 9.
REFERENCE
Voelter-Mahlknecht S, Scheriau R, Zwahr G, Koch B, Escobar Pinzon LC, Drexler H, Letzel S. Skin tumors among employees of a tar refinery: the current data and their implications. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 May;80(6):485-95. Epub 2006 Nov 9
AGENT / EXPOSURE
soot, raw paraffin, tar, anthracene, pitch or similar substances
STUDY DESIGN
epidemiological study in Germany
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
employees of a tar refinery
CANCER
This study show that are necessaries intensified measures in the form of primary and secondary prevention to avoid or to decrease the skin tumors induced by tar exposures
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
57.
Pearce MS, Hammal DM, Dorak MT, McNally RJ, Parker L. Paternal occupational exposure to pesticides or herbicides as risk factors for cancer in children and young adults: a case-control study from the North of England. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2006 May-Jun;61(3):138-44.
REFERENCE
Pearce MS, Hammal DM, Dorak MT, McNally RJ, Parker L. Paternal occupational exposure to pesticides or herbicides as risk factors for cancer in children and young adults: a case-control study from the North of England. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2006 May-Jun;61(3):138-44.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Pesticides or herbicides
STUDY DESIGN
Case-Control study in the North of England.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
The data obtained did not show a link between paternal exposure and these substances in the aetiology of childhood cancer
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
58.
Pearce MS, Hammal DM, Dorak MT, McNally RJ, Parker L. Paternal occupational exposure to electro-magnetic fields as a risk factor for cancer in children and young adults: A case-control study from the North of England. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007 Sep;49(3):280-6.
REFERENCE
Pearce MS, Hammal DM, Dorak MT, McNally RJ, Parker L. Paternal occupational exposure to electro-magnetic fields as a risk factor for cancer in children and young adults: A case-control study from the North of England. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007 Sep;49(3):280-6.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Electro-magnetic fields and ionising radiations
STUDY DESIGN
Case-Control study in the North of England.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Not specified
CANCER
This study points out a significantly increased risk of leukaemia among the offspring of men likely to have been occupationally exposed to EMF, with differing associations between males and females. Increased risk has been showed also for chondrosarcoma and renal carcinoma.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
59.
Sorahan T, Hamilton L, Gardiner K, Hodgson JT, Harrington JM. Maternal occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields before, during, and after pregnancy in relation to risks of childhood cancers: findings from the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers, 1953-1981 deaths. Am J Ind Med. 1999 Apr;35(4):348-57.
REFERENCE
Sorahan T, Hamilton L, Gardiner K, Hodgson JT, Harrington JM. Maternal occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields before, during, and after pregnancy in relation to risks of childhood cancers: findings from the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers, 1953-1981 deaths. Am J Ind Med. 1999 Apr;35(4):348-57.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Electromagnetic fields
STUDY DESIGN
Case-Control study in the United Kingdom.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
(1) sewing machinist
(2) textile industry workers
(3) other machinists and other jobs with likely higher EMF exposure
(4) jobs with little potential for EMF exposure.
CANCER
This study did not indicate that maternal occupational exposure to EMF during pregnancy is a risk factor for leukaemia, brain cancer, or other childhood cancers.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
60.
Feychting M, Forssén U, Floderus B. Occupational and residential magnetic field exposure and leukemia and central nervous system tumors. Epidemiology. 1997 Jul;8(4):384-9.
REFERENCE
Feychting M, Forssén U, Floderus B. Occupational and residential magnetic field exposure and leukemia and central nervous system tumors. Epidemiology. 1997 Jul;8(4):384-9.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Magnetic field exposure
STUDY DESIGN
Case-Control study in Sweden
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Population living within 300 m of transmission lines and not specified occupational exposure
CANCER
The data obtained show an association between magnetic field exposure and leukaemia.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
61.
Priha E, Rantio T, Riala R, Back B, Oksa P. Quantitative risk assessment in relation to occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in the removal of old sealants from buildings. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2005;31 Suppl 2:43-8.
REFERENCE
Priha E, Rantio T, Riala R, Back B, Oksa P. Quantitative risk assessment in relation to occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in the removal of old sealants from buildings. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2005;31 Suppl 2:43-8.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
STUDY DESIGN
-;
The aim of this study was to assess exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) among workers involved in the removal of old sealants containing PCB and to evaluate the related long-term health risks by means of quantitative risk assessment.
In this study workers´ exposure via different exposure routes was estimated from air and material samples and exposure calculations. The health risks were evaluated using unit risks and a reference dose based on animal tests and evaluations made by the Environmental Protection Agency in the United States.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers involved in the removal of old sealants containing PCB
CANCER
-;
It was found that the estimated exposure of the workers was higher than that of the general population. It was about 10-fold higher than the reference dose and average dietary intake (both 0.02 microg/kg-day). The calculated point estimate of excess cancer risk was 4.6 x 10(-4) cancer cases per lifetime.
The authors conclude that the estimated excess cancer risk among workers was low, although the PCB exposure of these workers was higher than the dietary intake of the general population. They also suggest that this quantitative risk assessment method can be used to evaluate the health risk of groups of workers by occupational health professionals.
NOTES
No notes
(Close)
62.
Verkasalo PK. Magnetic fields and leukemia--risk for adults living close to power lines. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1996;22 Suppl 2:1-56.
REFERENCE
Verkasalo PK. Magnetic fields and leukemia--risk for adults living close to power lines. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1996;22 Suppl 2:1-56.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Magnetic fields
STUDY DESIGN
Cohort study in Finland
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Finnish people having lived within 500 m of overhead power lines of 110-400 kV in a magnetic field calculated to be > or = 0.01 microT.
CANCER
The data did not indicate that magnetic fields of high-voltage power lines are important cause of leukaemia in adults.
NOTES
No notes
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63.
Cuenca P, Ramirez V. Environmental mutagenesis and use of biomarkers in cancer risk prediction. Rev Biol Trop. 2004 Sep;52(3):585-90.
REFERENCE
Cuenca P, Ramirez V. Environmental mutagenesis and use of biomarkers in cancer risk prediction. Rev Biol Trop. 2004 Sep;52(3):585-90.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Physical, chemical and biological agents
STUDY DESIGN
Review of molecular epidemiology
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
No specified
CANCER
The monitoring of genotoxic effects in high risk groups are very important tools for the future public and health interventions to prevent tumors of occupational origins.
NOTES
No notes
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64.
Angerer J, Ewers U, Wilhelm M. Human biomonitoring: state of the art. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2007 May;210(3-4):201-28. Epub 2007 Mar 21.
REFERENCE
Angerer J, Ewers U, Wilhelm M. Human biomonitoring: state of the art. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2007 May;210(3-4):201-28. Epub 2007 Mar 21.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Chemical substances: metals, PAH, phthalates, dioxins, pesticides, aromatic amines, perfluorinated chemicals, environmental tobacco smoke and volatile organic compounds
STUDY DESIGN
Review of molecular epidemiology
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
General population
CANCER
Human biomonitoring is a very important tool to identify and quantify human exposure and to decide the measures to reduce the exposure risk.
NOTES
No notes
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65.
Marczynski B, Preuss R, Mensing T, Angerer J, Seidel A, El Mourabit A, Wilhelm M, Bruning T. Genotoxic risk assessment in white blood cells of occupationally exposed workers before and after alteration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) profile in the production material: comparison with PAH air and urinary metabolite levels. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 Mar;78(2):97-108. Epub 2005 Feb 22.
REFERENCE
Marczynski B, Preuss R, Mensing T, Angerer J, Seidel A, El Mourabit A, Wilhelm M, Bruning T. Genotoxic risk assessment in white blood cells of occupationally exposed workers before and after alteration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) profile in the production material: comparison with PAH air and urinary metabolite levels. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 Mar;78(2):97-108. Epub 2005 Feb 22.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
STUDY DESIGN
Biomonitoring study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Workers in several industries
CANCER
This study points out that an increased concentration of naphthalene and/or phenanthrene in the work place air could be responsible of the DNA strand breaks formation in white blood cells of exposed workers.
NOTES
No notes
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66.
Marczynski B, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Preuss R, Kappler M, Schott K, Pesch B, Zoubek G, Hahn JU, Mensing T, Angerer J, Kafferlein HU, Bruning T.Assessment of DNA damage in WBCs of workers occupationally exposed to fumes and aerosols of bitumen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Apr;15(4):645-51.
REFERENCE
Marczynski B, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Preuss R, Kappler M, Schott K, Pesch B, Zoubek G, Hahn JU, Mensing T, Angerer J, Kafferlein HU, Bruning T.Assessment of DNA damage in WBCs of workers occupationally exposed to fumes and aerosols of bitumen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Apr;15(4):645-51.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Fumes and aerosols of bitumen
STUDY DESIGN
Biomonitoring study
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
Asphalt workers
CANCER
This study points out that exposure to fumes and aerosols of bitumen may contribute to increase DNA damage (strand breaks).
NOTES
No notes
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67.
Belpomme D, Irigaray P, Hardell L, Clapp R, Montagnier L, Epstein S, Sasco AJ. The mEnviron Res. 2007 Aug 8; [Epub ahead of print]ultitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens.
REFERENCE
Belpomme D, Irigaray P, Hardell L, Clapp R, Montagnier L, Epstein S, Sasco AJ. The mEnviron Res. 2007 Aug 8; [Epub ahead of print]ultitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Microorganisms, radiations and xenochemicals (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco smoke, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds such as benzene and 1,3 butadiene, food additives, carcinogenic contaminants such as nitrates, pesticides, dioxins, carcinogenic metals and metalloids, pharmaceutical medicines and cosmetics).
STUDY DESIGN
Environmental studies
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
No specified
CANCER
This study points out that several cancers may be caused by environmental carcinogens.
NOTES
No notes
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68.
Belpomme D, Irigaray P, Sasco AJ, Newby JA, Howard V, Clapp R, Hardell L. The growing incidence of cancer: role of lifestyle and screening detection (Review). Int J Oncol. 2007 May;30(5):1037-49.
REFERENCE
Belpomme D, Irigaray P, Sasco AJ, Newby JA, Howard V, Clapp R, Hardell L. The growing incidence of cancer: role of lifestyle and screening detection (Review). Int J Oncol. 2007 May;30(5):1037-49.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
Environmental carcinogens
STUDY DESIGN
Review on environmental studies
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
No specified
CANCER
This study points out that the exposure to many carcinogens in the environment can contribute to increase cancer incidence.
NOTES
No notes
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69.
Ambroise D, Wild P, Moulin JJ. Update of a meta-analysis on lung cancer and welding. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006 Feb;32(1):22-31.
REFERENCE
Ambroise D, Wild P, Moulin JJ. Update of a meta-analysis on lung cancer and welding. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006 Feb;32(1):22-31.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- update of a meta-analysis;
This update study assessed lung cancer risk among welders, while addressing heterogeneity, publication bias, and confounding issues.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- welders
CANCER
- lung cancer;
There were 60 studies eligible for the meta-analysis. No heterogeneity was found. The fixed effect combined relative risks (CRR) for all of the welders and all of the studies was 1.26 (95% CI 1.20-1.32) after partial control of publication bias. No difference was found according to welding activities. Smoking did not appear to be a marked confounder in the relationship between lung cancer and welding, but the effect of asbestos could not be assessed.
Based on the results of the meta-analysis a 26% excess of lung cancer for welders without any difference according to welding activities was observed.
NOTES
No notes
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70.
Bruske-Hohlfeld I, Rosario AS, Wolke G, Heinrich J, Kreuzer M, Kreienbrock L, Wichmann HE. Lung cancer risk among former uranium miners of the WISMUT Company in Germany. Health Phys. 2006 Mar;90(3):208-16.
REFERENCE
Bruske-Hohlfeld I, Rosario AS, Wolke G, Heinrich J, Kreuzer M, Kreienbrock L, Wichmann HE. Lung cancer risk among former uranium miners of the WISMUT Company in Germany. Health Phys. 2006 Mar;90(3):208-16.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- ionizing radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this case-control study among German uranium miners was to investigate in more detail how the risk of lung cancer due to ionizing radiation in underground miners is related to attained age, time since exposure, exposure duration, exposure rate and smoking.
This study consisted of 505 patients with lung cancer and 1,073 controls matched to cases according to the year of birth.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- former uranium miners of the WISMUT Company in Germany
CANCER
- lung cancer;
A statistically significant increase in lung cancer risk for cumulative exposures above 800 WLM was observed.
Under the assumption of a linear risk model, there was a significant increase in the relative risk of 0.10 per 100 Working Level Months (WLM) after adjusting for smoking and asbestos exposure.
The increase in relative risk for current smokers was lower (0.05 per 100 WLM), whereas it was higher (0.20 per 100 WLM) among nonsmokers and longtime ex-smokers. After correcting in a sensitivity analysis for the fact that the controls of this study had a higher average exposure than the population of WISMUT workers they were recruited from, the adjusted ERR increased to 0.24 per 100 WLM. Lung cancer risk declined with time since exposure, except for exposures received 45 or more years ago. No inverse dose rate effect was observed.
NOTES
No notes
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71.
Ak G, Metintas M, Metintas S, Yildirim H, Erginel S, Alatas F. Lung Cancer in Individuals Less Than 50 Years of Age. Lung. 2007 Aug 20; ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Ak G, Metintas M, Metintas S, Yildirim H, Erginel S, Alatas F. Lung Cancer in Individuals Less Than 50 Years of Age. Lung. 2007 Aug 20; ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
-; The objective of this study was to compare the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and survival rates of younger and older patients with lung cancer.
The authors studied 1340 patients histopathologically diagnosed as having lung cancer from 1990 to 2005.
The authors defined "younger" as individuals less than 50 years old (based on prior reports). The patients were classified into two groups: <50 years (the younger group) and >/=50 years (the older group). Of the 1340 patients, 1161 were in the older group and 179 (13.4%) were in the younger group.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- lung cancer;
It was found that in the younger group, exposure to occupational risk factors was a risk factor for lung cancer, while in the older group, smoking was a risk factor. At the time of diagnosis, chest pain was more common in the younger group, while in the older group, cough, dyspnea, and hilar enlargement on chest X-ray were more frequent.
The authors observed that the incidence of adenocarcinoma and small-cell carcinoma was greater in the younger group, while squamous cell carcinoma was more common in the older group.
Significantly different metastasis rates were found between the two age groups: 52.0% of the younger group presented with stage IV disease compared with 43.5% of the older group. The overall survival was similar in both groups although fewer younger than older patients were not able to receive or rejected anticancer therapy.
The authors suggest that the results indicate that lung cancer had different etiopathogenetic characteristics in younger patients, which may have clinical implications. By planning preventive measures based on these characteristics, more efficient use of resources can be achieved.
NOTES
No notes
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72.
Kauppinen T, Saalo A, Pukkala E, Virtanen S, Karjalainen A Vuorela R. Evaluation of a National Register on Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens: Effectiveness in the Prevention of Occupational Cancer, and Cancer Risks among the Exposed Workers. Ann Occup Hyg. 2007 Jul 11; ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Kauppinen T, Saalo A, Pukkala E, Virtanen S, Karjalainen A Vuorela R. Evaluation of a National Register on Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens: Effectiveness in the Prevention of Occupational Cancer, and Cancer Risks among the Exposed Workers. Ann Occup Hyg. 2007 Jul 11; ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- carcinogens (chromium (VI) compounds, nickel, asbestos, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chloroform, acrylamide, arsenic, cadmium etc.)
STUDY DESIGN
-;
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of a register of employees exposed to carcinogens (the ASA Register) which has been in operation in Finland since 1979, and to study cancer risks among the notified workers.
Questionnaires were mailed to 1448 work departments, which were notified to ASA in 1996, and to 1033 departments, which departed ASA in 1991-1996. 69% of departments responded. The cancer incidence of 35 138 workers notified to ASA in 1979-1988 was followed up through the files of the Finnish Cancer Register for the period 1980-2003.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- various cancers (lip, stomach, pancreas, breast, ovary, prostate, testis, kidney, thyroid gland, bone etc.);
73% of departments notified to ASA in 1996 reported changes eliminating or substantially reducing exposure to carcinogens . It was found that the ASA notification process had directly prompted measures to reduce exposure (8% of cases) or contributed to them (24% of cases).
Based on responses of the workplaces the authors suggest that the ASA registration had decreased exposure of 600 workers year(-1) (out of approximately 15 000 notified workers, which is <1% of the employed in Finland), preventing thereby an unknown number of occupational cancers.
The saving of the treatment costs of prevented cancers, the prevention of other health outcomes of carcinogens, improved safety behaviour of exposed workers and avoidance of human suffering among cancer patients and their families were also the benefits of ASA. The labour safety authorities had better possibilities to direct their activities against carcinogen exposure.
The authors suggest that these benefits should be considered against the annual costs, mainly due to 7-8 person-years of work required by tasks related to ASA. They also remind that the results of the cancer incidence study among notified workers were based on a relatively short follow-up (on average 19 years). It was observed that the incidence of mesothelioma was significantly increased in the ASA cohort, probably due to exposure to asbestos.
Based on the results the authors suggest that a national exposure register may stimulate preventive measures at workplaces. (Partially based on the results of the present study the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health continues ASA registration).
NOTES
No notes
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73.
Taeger D, Fritsch A, Wiethege T, Johnen G, Eisenmenger A, Wesch H, Ko Y, Stier S, Michael Muller K, Bruning T, Pesch B. Role of exposure to radon and silicosis on the cell type of lung carcinoma in German uranium miners. Cancer. 2006 Feb 15;106(4):881-9.
REFERENCE
Taeger D, Fritsch A, Wiethege T, Johnen G, Eisenmenger A, Wesch H, Ko Y, Stier S, Michael Muller K, Bruning T, Pesch B. Role of exposure to radon and silicosis on the cell type of lung carcinoma in German uranium miners. Cancer. 2006 Feb 15;106(4):881-9.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- radon exposure and silicosis
STUDY DESIGN
- retrospective study;
The aim of this study was to evaluates the histopathology of lung carcinoma in uranium miners in relation to radon exposure and silicosis.
For this study the database developed for autopsy cases ascertained in a pathological tissue repository of German uranium miners was used to estimate odds ratios for developing lung carcinoma by major cell type with regard to radon exposure and silicosis. Silicosis information was extracted from autopsy protocols and working level months (WLM) were calculated with a job-exposure matrix to assess lifetime radon exposure. Risk estimates were based on 3414 male miners who died from small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC, n = 1446), squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC, n = 1006), or adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 962) between 1957 and 1990.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- uranium miners
CANCER
- small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) , squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), adenocarcinoma (AC);
Based on the results small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) seemed more likely to be associated with high radon exposure than adenocarcinoma (AC).
It was found that mean cumulative radon exposure was 868 (SD 631) working level months (WLM) in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), 871 (SD 652) WLM in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), and 743 (SD 598) WLM in adenocarcinoma (AC). The authors observed that silicosis prevalence was 26% in SCLC, 38% in SqCC, and 30% in AC. In silicotics, AC and SqCC had a relatively higher frequency at the expense of SCLC. SCLC occurred earlier than AC and SqCC.
The authors conclude that high radon exposure was associated with a higher relative frequency of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) than adenocarcinoma (AC). Silicosis tended to increase the appearance of squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC).
NOTES
No notes
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74.
Tsai J, Kaye WE, Bove FJ. Wilms´ tumor and exposures to residential and occupational hazardous chemicals. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006 Jan;209(1):57-64. Epub 2005 Oct 12.
REFERENCE
Tsai J, Kaye WE, Bove FJ. Wilms´ tumor and exposures to residential and occupational hazardous chemicals. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006 Jan;209(1):57-64. Epub 2005 Oct 12.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- residential and occupational hazardous chemicals
STUDY DESIGN
- case-control study;
The aim of this case-control study was to examine the association between residential and occupational exposures to hazardous chemicals and the risk of Wilms´ tumor.
For this study 303 cases, diagnosed between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 1995, were recruited from six state cancer registries. 575 controls were selected through random digit dialing and frequency matched to the cases. During a telephone interview a standard questionnaire was administered to participants.
Parental residential addresses and locations of US Environmental Protection Agency National Priority List (NPL) sites were geocoded and analyzed, along with occupational exposure information.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- Wilms´ tumor;
No cases of Wilms´ tumor were found in individuals living within one-half mile distance of a hazardous waste site.
However, the authors observed elevated odds ratios for using hairdressing chemicals, motor oil, paint, paint stripper, and pesticides during the pregnancy term and during the 2-year period prior to birth. The authors suggest that the findings do not support the hypothesis that Wilms´ tumor is associated with residing near an NPL site.
NOTES
No notes
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75.
Wild P, Ambroise D, Benbrik E, Tiberguent A, Massin N. Mortality among Paris sewage workers. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Mar;63(3):168-72.
REFERENCE
Wild P, Ambroise D, Benbrik E, Tiberguent A, Massin N. Mortality among Paris sewage workers. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Mar;63(3):168-72.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
-;
The aim of this study was to describe the mortality of sewage workers (in Paris).
In this study a cohort of all Paris sewage workers since 1970 was established and followed up in mortality until 1999. The causes of death were determined by matching with a national database and the mortality rates were compared to the rates of a local reference population.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- sewage workers
CANCER
- lung cancer etc.;
The authors observed a large excess in mortality (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 1.25; 530 cases, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.36) and in particular mortality from cancer (SMR = 1.37, 235 cases) which was particularly important in the subgroup of subjects who had left employment because they resigned or were laid off (SMR = 1.77; 50 cases).
It was found that excess mortality was to a large extent due to alcohol related diseases (SMR = 1.65, 122 cases) especially malignant (SMR = 1.85, 16 cases) and non-malignant (SMR = 1.68, 38 cases) liver diseases, lung cancer (SMR = 1.47, 68 cases), and infectious diseases (SMR = 1.86, 25 cases).
The authors also observed that the SMRs for some diseases (all cancers, cancers of the oesophagus and lung, all alcohol related diseases) seemed to increase with duration of employment as a sewage worker. Other than lung cancer, smoking related diseases were not in excess.
The authors suggested that the increased mortality by both malignant and non-malignant liver diseases was probably due to excessive alcohol consumption, but could partially be the result of occupational exposure to chemical and infectious agents and interactions of these factors. The excess lung cancer was unlikely to be due to an increased smoking prevalence.
NOTES
No notes
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76.
Vajdic CM, Fritschi L, Grulich AE, Kaldor JM, Benke G, Kricker A, Hughes AM, Turner JJ, Milliken S, Goumas C, Armstrong BK. Atopy, exposure to pesticides and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer. 2007 May 15;120(10):2271-4.
REFERENCE
Vajdic CM, Fritschi L, Grulich AE, Kaldor JM, Benke G, Kricker A, Hughes AM, Turner JJ, Milliken S, Goumas C, Armstrong BK. Atopy, exposure to pesticides and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer. 2007 May 15;120(10):2271-4.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- occupational pesticide exposure
STUDY DESIGN
- an Australian population-based case-control study;
Background information: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk has been associated with pesticide exposure in a number of studies, and two recent studies suggest that the increased risk may be confined to those with a history of asthma.
The aim of this Australian population-based case-control study was to examine the interaction between occupational pesticide exposure and atopy on risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Incident cases (n = 694) were diagnosed in New South Wales or the Australian Capital Territory between 2000 and 2001. Controls (n = 694) were randomly selected from electoral rolls and frequency-matched to cases by age, sex and state of residence.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL);
It was found that the OR for NHL with substantial pesticide exposure and any history of asthma was 3.07 (95% CI 0.55-17.10) and with substantial pesticide exposure and no asthma history it was 4.23 (95% CI 1.76-10.16). The p-value for interaction was 0.29.
The authors observed a similar pattern of risk for each of the pesticide subtypes; for asthma at various times of life; for hay fever, eczema, food allergy and any atopy, in men only and for follicular lymphomas only.
The authors conclude that although this study had limited power, the findings do not suggest modification of the association between pesticide exposure and NHL risk by asthma or atopic disease more generally.
NOTES
No notes
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77.
Prince MM, Ruder AM, Hein MJ, Waters MA, Whelan EA, Nilsen N, Ward EM, Schnorr TM, Laber PA, Davis-King KE. Mortality and exposure response among 14,458 electrical capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Oct;114(10):1508-14.
REFERENCE
Prince MM, Ruder AM, Hein MJ, Waters MA, Whelan EA, Nilsen N, Ward EM, Schnorr TM, Laber PA, Davis-King KE. Mortality and exposure response among 14,458 electrical capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Oct;114(10):1508-14.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
The aim of this study was to explore mortality and exposure response among electrical capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
An excisting cohort of workers was expanded. The cohort consisted of workers with at least 90 days of potential PCB exposure at two capacitor manufacturing plants during 1939-1977 (n = 14,458).
The authors ascertained vital status of the workers through 1998. Cumulative PCB exposure was estimated using a new job exposure matrix. Analyses employed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs; U.S., state, and county referents) and Poisson regression modeling.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- electrical capacitor manufacturing workers
CANCER
- liver and rectal cancers, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), melanoma, breast, brain, intestine, stomach, prostate cancers etc.;
It was found that mortality from NHL, melanoma, and rectal, breast, and brain cancers were neither in excess nor associated with cumulative exposure. For liver cancer mortality was not elevated [21 deaths; SMR 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55-1.36], but increased with cumulative exposure (trend p-value = 0.071).
Elevated stomach cancer mortality was observed among men (24 deaths; SMR 1.53; 95% CI, 0.98-2.28) and it increased with cumulative exposure (trend p-value = 0.039). Among women, intestinal cancer mortality was elevated (67 deaths; SMR 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02-1.66), especially in higher cumulative exposure categories, but without a clear trend. It was also found that prostate cancer mortality, which was not elevated (34 deaths; SMR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.72-1.45), increased with cumulative exposure (trend p-value = 0.0001).
The authors suggest that this study corroborates previous studies showing increased liver cancer mortality, but they cannot clearly associate rectal, stomach, and intestinal cancers with PCB exposure. This is the first PCB cohort showing a strong exposure-response relationship for prostate cancer mortality.
NOTES
No notes
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78.
Brown SC, Schonbeck MF, McClure D, Baron AE, Navidi WC, Byers T, Ruttenber AJ. Lung cancer and internal lung doses among plutonium workers at the Rocky Flats Plant: a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Jul 15;160(2):163-72.
REFERENCE
Brown SC, Schonbeck MF, McClure D, Baron AE, Navidi WC, Byers T, Ruttenber AJ. Lung cancer and internal lung doses among plutonium workers at the Rocky Flats Plant: a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Jul 15;160(2):163-72.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this nested case-control was to examine the association between lung cancer mortality and cumulative internal lung doses among a cohort of workers employed at the Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado from 1951 to 1989. 180 cases were individually matched with controls (n = 720) on age, sex, and birth year. For each worker annual doses to the lung from plutonium, americium, and uranium isotopes were calculated with an internal dosimetry model.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- plutonium workers at the Rocky Flats Plant
CANCER
- lung cancer;
The authors observed that lung cancer risk was elevated among workers with cumulative internal lung doses of more than 400 mSv in several different analytical models. It was also found that the dose-response relation was not consistent at high doses.
Restricting analysis to those employed for 15-25 years produced a statistically significant linear trend with dose (chi-square = 67.2, p < 0.001), suggesting a strong healthy worker survivor effect.
The authors also found that the association between age at first internal lung dose and lung cancer mortality was statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.10). No associations were observed between lung cancer mortality and cumulative external penetrating radiation dose or cumulative exposures to asbestos, beryllium, hexavalent chromium, or nickel.
NOTES
No notes
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79.
Thuret A, Geoffroy-Perez B, Luce D, Goldberg M, Imbernon E. A 26-year cohort mortality study of French construction workers aged 20 to 64 years. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 May;49(5):546-56.
REFERENCE
Thuret A, Geoffroy-Perez B, Luce D, Goldberg M, Imbernon E. A 26-year cohort mortality study of French construction workers aged 20 to 64 years. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 May;49(5):546-56.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort mortality study;
The aim of this study was to investigate the cause-specific mortality of French workers in the construction industry.
The cohort consisted of 12,788 male workers. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the years between 1974 and 1999 for workers aged 20 to 64 years.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- construction workers (French)
CANCER
- cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx; digestive and respiratory systems; cerebrovascular disease
It was found that all-cause mortality was significantly increased (SMR=111, CI=106-206). The authors observed excess mortality for cancers (SMR=125, CI=117-134), especially for the oral cavity and pharynx (SMR=134, CI=108-163), digestive (SMR=120, CI=104-137) and respiratory (SMR=143, CI=128-159) systems; cerebrovascular disease (SMR=130, CI=106-158); diseases of the digestive system (SMR=130, CI=113-149), and accidental falls (SMR=158, CI=105-125). Excess risks were limited to blue-collar workers.
The authors conclude that despite a probable role of lifestyle and potential limitations of the study, elevated mortality was observed for several causes possibly related to occupational factors.
NOTES
No notes
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80.
Tsai SP, Ahmed FS, Wendt JK, Foster DE, Donnelly RP, Strawmyer TR. A 56-year mortality follow-up of Texas petroleum refinery and chemical employees, 1948-2003. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 May;49(5):557-67.
REFERENCE
Tsai SP, Ahmed FS, Wendt JK, Foster DE, Donnelly RP, Strawmyer TR. A 56-year mortality follow-up of Texas petroleum refinery and chemical employees, 1948-2003. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 May;49(5):557-67.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a 56-year mortality follow-up study;
The aim of this study was to investigate further the mortality risk of employees who worked in the petroleum refinery industry. The authors updated an earlier investigation by extending the mortality follow-up by an additional 14 years through 2003.
The cohort consisted of 10,621 employees with an average follow-up of 34 years. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) adjusted for age, race, and calendar years as a measure of risk was used.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- petroleum refinery and chemical employees (Texas)
CANCER
-mesothelioma, leukemia etc.;
It was found that overall mortality (SMR=0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.79), all cancer mortality (SMR=0.87, 95% CI=0.82-0.93), and most cause-specific mortalities for the total study population were lower than or similar to that of the population of Harris County, Texas.
No significant increase in leukemia in the total population or in any of the subgroups was found. In this study the only statistically significant excess of mortality observed was an increase in mesothelioma among maintenance employees: among employees who worked for a minimum of one year the SMR was 4.78 (95% CI=2.54-8.17) and among those with 10 or more years of employment and 20 or more years of latency 7.51 (95% CI=3.75-13.45).
The authors conclude that after more than half a century of follow-up, employees at this facility continue to show more favorable mortality outcomes than the general local population.
On the whole, no statistically significant increase of leukemia or of any of the specific cell types was found. The increased mesothelioma is likely related to past exposure to asbestos.
NOTES
No notes
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81.
Beall C, Corn M, Cheng H, Matthews R, Delzell E. Mortality and cancer incidence among tire manufacturing workers hired in or after 1962. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jun;49(6):680-90.
REFERENCE
Beall C, Corn M, Cheng H, Matthews R, Delzell E. Mortality and cancer incidence among tire manufacturing workers hired in or after 1962. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jun;49(6):680-90.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a mortality study;
The aim of this study was to evaluated mortality during 1962 through 2003 and cancer incidence during 1995 through 2003 at a tire manufacturing plant.
This mortality study included 3425 men and women, employed for at least one year. 3069 of them were eligible for the cancer incidence study.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- tire manufacturing workers
CANCER
- stomach cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, mesothelioma etc.;
It was found that employees experienced 390 deaths compared with 608 expected (standardized mortality ratio (SMR)=64; 95% confidence interval (CI)=58-71) and that total cancer mortality (123 observed, SMR=75, CI=62-89) and lung cancer mortality (47 observed, SMR=72, CI=53-96) were lower than expected.
The authors observed that hourly white men had small increases in stomach cancer, bladder cancer, and leukemia deaths. During 1995 through 2003, 169 incident cancers were observed compared with 197 expected (SIR=86, 95% CI=74-100). It was also found that three mesothelioma cases occurred among hourly white men (SIR=653, CI=135-1907); all were exposed potentially to asbestos before starting at the rubber plant.
The authors suggest that small numbers and limited information on jobs, occupational agents, and lifestyle preclude attribution of observed increases to workplace exposures.
NOTES
No notes
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82.
Mitropoulos P, Norman R. Occupational nonsolar risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: a population-based case-controlled study. Dermatol Online J. 2005 Aug 1;11(2):5. epublish.
REFERENCE
Mitropoulos P, Norman R. Occupational nonsolar risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: a population-based case-controlled study. Dermatol Online J. 2005 Aug 1;11(2):5. epublish.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- occupational nonsolar risk factors; nonsolar light, construction/machinery materials, fluorescent light, gypsum, coal tar and dandruff shampoos; cement dust, arsenic, ethylene glycol; asbestos, hair dyes, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, gasoline/diesel/brake fluid/transmission fluid, turpentine, acetone, kerosene, carbon tetrachloride, ddt, smoking/tobacco etc.
STUDY DESIGN
- a population-based case-controlled study;
The aim of this study was to investigate associations between occupation, nonsolar environmental exposures, and risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin. For this study data from the Southeastern Arizona Health Study-2 were used.
This population-based case-controlled study was conducted during 1992-1996 in southeastern Arizona to primarily assess the risk of skin SCC in relation to sun exposure. The study population consisted of 795 persons. To calculate odd ratios as the estimate of effect multivariate logistic regression was used. High-risk occupations were identified through literature review.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- occupational groups: construction; auto/machines; farming; chemicals
CANCER
- squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin;
Based on the results there was evidence of a slightly elevated risk of skin SCC for subjects reporting a history of construction work (OR = 1.38, 95 % CI = 0.61-3.14), and automobile and machine work (OR = 1.21, 95 % CI = 0.48-3.06). No statistically significant associations between risk of skin SCC and history of exposure to specific chemical and other nonsolar environmental agents was found.
The authors noted a slight indication of increased risk for skin SCC for exposure to nonsolar light (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI = 0.92-2.26), construction/machinery materials (OR = 1.12, 95 % CI = 0.76-1.84), fluorescent light (OR = 1.56, 95 % CI = 0.92-2.61), gypsum (OR = 1.84, 95 % CI = 0.68-5.0), coal tar and dandruff shampoos (OR = 1.28, 95 % CI = 0.85-1.9), and cement dust (OR = 1.81, 95 % CI = 0.90-3.62).
A large although statistically insignificant risk was found for exposure to arsenic (OR = 4.21, 95 % CI = 0.40-43.9) and ethylene glycol (OR = 8.46, 95 % CI = 0.77-92.9). Several of the results of this analysis were consistent with literature and conclusions from previous epidemiological studies.
However, the authors conclude that lack of power and small sample size deem these results as inconclusive until more research and larger studies are conducted.
NOTES
No notes
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83.
Yoshinaga S, Hauptmann M, Sigurdson AJ, Doody MM, Freedman DM, Alexander BH, Linet MS, Ron E, Mabuchi K. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ionizing radiation exposure among U.S. radiologic technologists. Int J Cancer. 2005 Jul 10;115(5):828-34.
REFERENCE
Yoshinaga S, Hauptmann M, Sigurdson AJ, Doody MM, Freedman DM, Alexander BH, Linet MS, Ron E, Mabuchi K. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ionizing radiation exposure among U.S. radiologic technologists. Int J Cancer. 2005 Jul 10;115(5):828-34.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- ionizing radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to examine nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ionizing radiation exposure among U.S. radiologic technologists.
The authors studied 1,355 incident cases with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 270 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin in a cohort of 65,304 U.S. white radiologic technologists who responded to the baseline questionnaire survey in 1983-1989 and the follow-up survey in 1994-1998. For this study Cox´s proportional-hazards model was used to estimate relative risks of BCC and SCC associated with surrogate measures of occupational exposure to IR and residential UVR exposure during childhood and adulthood, adjusted for potential confounders including pigmentation characteristics.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- U.S. radiologic technologists
CANCER
- nonmelanoma skin cancer; basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC);
It was observed that relative risks of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but not of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), were elevated among technologists who first worked during the 1950s (RR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.12-1.80), 1940s (RR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.44-2.88) and before 1940 (RR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.14-4.09), when IR exposures were high, compared to those who first worked after 1960 (p for trend < 0.01). ´The effect of year first worked on BCC risk was not modified by UVR exposure, but was significantly stronger among individuals with lighter compared to darker eye and hair color (p = 0.013 and 0.027, respectively).
The authors suggest that this study provides some evidence that chronic occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) at low to moderate levels can increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and that this risk may be modified by pigmentation characteristics.
NOTES
No notes
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84.
Rousseau MC, Parent ME, Nadon L, Latreille B, Siemiatycki J. Occupational Exposure to Lead Compounds and Risk of Cancer among Men: A Population-based Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug 9; ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Rousseau MC, Parent ME, Nadon L, Latreille B, Siemiatycki J. Occupational Exposure to Lead Compounds and Risk of Cancer among Men: A Population-based Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug 9; ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- lead (three categories of lead exposure: organic lead, inorganic lead, and lead in gasoline emissions)
STUDY DESIGN
- a population-based case-control study;
Background information: The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently classified inorganic lead as a probable carcinogen, while organic lead remained unclassifiable. Anyhow because of limited epidemiologic evidence uncertainty persists.
The aim of this study was to gather additional evidence concerning cancer risks occurred as a consequence of occupational exposure to different forms of lead. The authors performed the analysis using data collected in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in which several types of cancer were studied and detailed information on occupational and lifestyle characteristics was gathered.
To elicit information on job history and potential confounders incident cases (n = 3,730) and general population controls (n = 533) were interviewed. Experts translated each job into a list of substances to which the subject had potentially been exposed.
Exposure to lead was classified into three categories: organic lead (3% of subjects ever exposed), inorganic lead (17%), and lead in gasoline emissions (39%). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression using two control groups: general population controls and cancer controls.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- mechanic, farmer, horticulturist, driver-salesman, painter, electrical or electronics worker, repairman, plumber, sheet metal worker, motor transport worker
CANCER
- cancer of esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, prostate, bladder, kidney, melanoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma;
It was observed that stomach cancer was associated with organic lead when the authors used population controls (odds ratio (OR) = 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 7.3) and cancer controls (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.8) and with substantial exposure to lead in gasoline emissions when they used cancer controls (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4, 5.9). There was no association with inorganic lead and little evidence for associations with other cancer types.
NOTES
No notes
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85.
Laden F, Hart JE, Smith TJ, Davis ME, Garshick E. Cause-Specific Mortality in the Unionized U.S. Trucking Industry. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Aug;115(8):1192-1196.
REFERENCE
Laden F, Hart JE, Smith TJ, Davis ME, Garshick E. Cause-Specific Mortality in the Unionized U.S. Trucking Industry. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Aug;115(8):1192-1196.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- fine particulate air pollution; diesel and other vehicle exhausts
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study (retrospective);
The aim of this study was to assess mortality in the unionized U.S. trucking industry. To provide insight into mortality patterns associated with job-specific exposures, the authors examined rates of cause-specific mortality compared with the general U.S. population.
The authors used records from four national trucking companies to identify 54,319 male employees employed in 1985.
Cause-specific mortality was assessed through 2000 using the National Death Index. Expected numbers of all and cause-specific deaths were calculated stratifying by race, 10-year age group, and calendar period using U.S. national reference rates. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the entire cohort and by job title.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- occupations in the trucking industry (long-haul driver, P&D driver, dockworker, mechanic, hostler, clerks)
CANCER
- malignant neoplasms; bladder cancer, lung cancer;
As expected in a working population, the authors found a deficit in overall and all-cancer mortality, likely due to the healthy worker effect. In contrast, compared with the general U.S. population, elevated rates for lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and transport-related accidents were observed. It was found that lung cancer rates were elevated among all drivers (SMR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.19) and dockworkers (SMR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.94-1.30); ischemic heart disease was also elevated among these groups of workers [drivers, SMR = 1.49 (95% CI, 1.40-1.59); dockworkers, SMR = 1.32 (95% CI, 1.15-1.52)], as well as among shop workers (SMR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.72).
The authors conclude that in this detailed assessment of specific job categories in the U.S. trucking industry, an excess of mortality due to lung cancer and ischemic heart disease, particularly among drivers was found.
NOTES
No notes
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86.
Suarez B, Lopez-Abente G, Martinez C, Navarro C, Tormo MJ, Rosso S, Schraub S, Gafa L, Sancho-Garnier H, Wechsler J, Zanetti R. Occupation and skin cancer: the results of the HELIOS-I multicenter case-control study. BMC Public Health. 2007 Jul 26;7(1):180, ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Suarez B, Lopez-Abente G, Martinez C, Navarro C, Tormo MJ, Rosso S, Schraub S, Gafa L, Sancho-Garnier H, Wechsler J, Zanetti R. Occupation and skin cancer: the results of the HELIOS-I multicenter case-control study. BMC Public Health. 2007 Jul 26;7(1):180, ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- hazardous air pollutants, arsenic, ionizing radiations and burns etc.
STUDY DESIGN
- a multicenter case-control study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of occupational exposures in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), with special emphasis on risk factors other than solar radiation and skin type.
The authors analysed 1585 cases (1333 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 183 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 1507 controls drawn from the Helios-I multicenter study. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression mixed models.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- miners, quarrymen, secondary education teachers, masons, railway engine drivers, firemen, specialised farmers, salesmen, occupations involving direct contact with livestock, construction workers, stationary engine and related equipment operators etc.
CANCER
- skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC);
It was found that for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) as a whole (both histological types), miners and quarrymen, secondary education teachers, and masons registered excess risk, regardless of exposure to solar radiation and skin type (OR 7.04, 95% CI 2.44-20.31; OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.05-2.89 and OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.04-2.27, respectively).
It was also observed that frequency of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) proved higher among railway engine drivers and firemen (OR 4.55; 95% CI 0.96-21.57), specialised farmers (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.05-2.59) and salesmen (OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.05-2.86), in addition to miners and quarrymen and secondary education teachers (OR 7.96; 95% CI 2.72-23.23 and OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.05-2.94 respectively).
The occupations with higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (though not of BCC) were those involving direct contact with livestock, construction workers not elsewhere classified (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.12-7.74), stationary engine and related equipment operators not elsewhere classified (OR 5.31, 95% CI 1.13-21.04) and masons (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.36-4.78).
The authors conclude that exposure to hazardous air pollutants, arsenic, ionizing radiations and burns may explain a good part of the associations observed in this study. The Helios study affords an excellent opportunity for further in-depth study of physical and chemical agents and NMSC based on matrices of occupational exposure.
NOTES
No notes
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87.
Zielinski JM, Garner MJ, Krewski D, Ashmore JP, Band PR, Fair ME, Jiang H, Letourneau EG, Semenciw R, Sont WN. Decreases in occupational exposure to ionizing radiation among Canadian dental workers. J Can Dent Assoc. 2005 Jan;71(1):29-33.
REFERENCE
Zielinski JM, Garner MJ, Krewski D, Ashmore JP, Band PR, Fair ME, Jiang H, Letourneau EG, Semenciw R, Sont WN. Decreases in occupational exposure to ionizing radiation among Canadian dental workers. J Can Dent Assoc. 2005 Jan;71(1):29-33.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- occupational exposure to ionizing radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to describe doses of ionizing radiation and their possible associations with mortality rates and cancer incidence among Canadian dental workers.
The National Dose Registry (NDR) of Canada was used to assess occupational dose of ionizing radiation received by dental workers and subjects in the NDR were linked to both the Canadian Mortality Database and the Canadian Cancer Database to ascertain cause of death and cancer incidence, respectively.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- dental workers (Canadian)
CANCER
-;
The cohort of this study consisted of 9,051 male and 33,124 female dental workers. The authors observed a total of 656 incident cases of cancer and 558 deaths. Based on the results the standardized mortality ratio associated with all-cause mortality was 0.53 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.57).
It was found that the cancer incidence among dental workers was lower than that for the Canadian population for all cancers except melanoma of the skin (for melanoma, the standardized incidence ratio was 1.46 [90% CI 1.14-1.85]). Since the 1950s occupational doses of ionizing radiation among dentists and dental workers have decreased markedly.
The authors conclude that dental workers receive very low doses of ionizing radiation, and these doses do not appear to be associated with any increase in cancer incidence; the increased incidence of melanoma is more likely related to other risk factors such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight.
NOTES
No notes
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88.
Mastrangelo G, Fedeli U, Fadda E, Giovanazzi A, Scoizzato L, Saia B. Increased cancer risk among surgeons in an orthopaedic hospital. Occup Med (Lond). 2005 Sep;55(6):498-500.
REFERENCE
Mastrangelo G, Fedeli U, Fadda E, Giovanazzi A, Scoizzato L, Saia B. Increased cancer risk among surgeons in an orthopaedic hospital. Occup Med (Lond). 2005 Sep;55(6):498-500.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- radiation
STUDY DESIGN
-;
Background information: Five cancer cases over 7 years were reported in a small orthopaedic hospital where radiation protection practice was poor.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether workers subject to routine radiation dosimetric assessment in a that hospital had an increased cancer risk.
For this study one hundred and fifty-eight workers subject to routine dose assessment and 158 age-sex-matched unexposed workers were questioned about cancer occurrence. All tumours were analysed as a single diagnostic category.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- surgeons in an orthopaedic hospital
CANCER
-;
It was observed that cumulative 1976-2000 cancer incidence was 29 (9/31), 6 (8/125) and 4% (7/158) in orthopaedics, exposed other than orthopaedics, and unexposed workers, respectively. At logistic regression analysis, working as orthopaedic surgeon seemed to increased the risk of tumours significantly (P<0.002).
The authors conclude that these findings caution against surgeons´ underestimation of the potential radiation risk and insufficient promotion of safe work practices by their health care institutions.
NOTES
No notes
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89.
Matsumoto K, Irie A, Satoh T, Kuruma H, Arakawa T, Baba S. Occupational bladder cancer: from cohort study to biologic molecular marker. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Oct;11(10):RA311-5. Epub 2005 Sep 26.
REFERENCE
Matsumoto K, Irie A, Satoh T, Kuruma H, Arakawa T, Baba S. Occupational bladder cancer: from cohort study to biologic molecular marker. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Oct;11(10):RA311-5. Epub 2005 Sep 26.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- 4-chloro-o-toluidine; benzidine; -naphthylamine; aromatic amine; o-toluidine; aniline
STUDY DESIGN
- review;
The aim of this article was to review epidemiologic cohort studies, hematuria screening, and the biologic molecular markers for bladder cancer related to occupational carcinogenicity. Considering the long latency period, new cases of occupational bladder cancer have been expected to occur more frequently.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- painters; metal, textile and electrical workers etc.
CANCER
- bladder cancer;
Traditional screening methods - for detecting people occupationally exposed to carcinogens that cause bladder cancer - including hematuria testing, urinary cytology, and cystoscopy showed limitations in terms of reducing mortality from bladder cancer.
Several molecular substances have currently shown potential as screening markers for bladder cancer.
The authors conclude that because of recent advances in molecular techniques, biologic markers have a potential role in screening for and monitoring of occupational bladder cancers.
NOTES
No notes
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90.
Boffetta P, van der Hel O, Norppa H, Fabianova E, Fucic A, Gundy S, Lazutka J, Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Puskailerova D, Znaor A, Kelecsenyi Z, Kurtinaitis J, Rachtan J, Forni A, Vermeulen R, Bonassi S. Chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk: results of a cohort study from Central Europe. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Jan 1;165(1):36-43. Epub 2006 Oct 27.
REFERENCE
Boffetta P, van der Hel O, Norppa H, Fabianova E, Fucic A, Gundy S, Lazutka J, Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Puskailerova D, Znaor A, Kelecsenyi Z, Kurtinaitis J, Rachtan J, Forni A, Vermeulen R, Bonassi S. Chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk: results of a cohort study from Central Europe. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Jan 1;165(1):36-43. Epub 2006 Oct 27.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- chromosomal aberrations
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to examine chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk.
For this study a total of 6,430 healthy individuals from nine laboratories in Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia, included in chromosomal aberration surveys performed during 1978-2002, were followed up for cancer incidence or mortality for an average of 8.5 years.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers of nine laboratories (in Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia)
CANCER
- head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms...;
As a result 200 cancer cases were observed. Compared with that for the low-tertile level of chromosomal aberrations, the relative risks of cancer for the medium and high tertiles were 1.78 (95% confidence interval: 1.19, 2.67) and 1.81 (95% confidence interval: 1.20, 2.73), respectively. It was found that the relative risk for chromosome-type aberrations above versus below the median was 1.50 (95% confidence interval: 1.12, 2.01), while that for chromatid-type aberrations was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.72, 1.31). In this study the analyses of risk of specific cancers were limited by small numbers, but the association was stronger for stomach cancer.
The authors conclude that this study confirms the previously reported association between level of chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk and provides novel information on the type of aberrations more strongly predictive of cancer risk and on the types of cancer more strongly predicted by chromosomal aberrations.
NOTES
No notes
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91.
Hein MJ, Stayner L, Lehman E, Dement JM. Follow-up study of chrysotile textile workers: cohort mortality and exposure-response. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Apr 20; ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Hein MJ, Stayner L, Lehman E, Dement JM. Follow-up study of chrysotile textile workers: cohort mortality and exposure-response. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Apr 20; ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- chrysotile
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study, a follow-up study;
The aim of this study was to provide an update of the mortality experience of a cohort of South Carolina asbestos textile workers.
The cohort comprised of 3,072 workers exposed to chrysotile in a South Carolina asbestos textile plant (1916-1977). The cohort was followed up for mortality through 2001.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- chrysotile textile workers, South Carolina asbestos textile workers
CANCER
- lung cancer, esophageal cancer etc.;
It was found that a majority of the cohort was deceased (64%) and 702 of the 1,961 deaths occurred since the previous update. The athors observed also that mortality was elevated based on U.S. referent rates for a priori causes of interest including all causes combined (SMR 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-1.39); all cancers (SMR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.39); esophageal cancer (SMR 1.87, 95% CI 1.09-2.99); lung cancer (SMR 1.95, 95% CI 1.68-2.24); ischemic heart disease (SMR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10-1.32); and pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (SMR 4.81, 95% CI 3.84-5.94). When South Carolina referent rates were used mortality remained elevated for these causes. Three cases of mesothelioma were observed among cohort members. Exposure-response modeling for lung cancer, using a linear relative risk model, produced a slope coefficient of 0.0198 (fiber-years/ml)-1 (standard error 0.00496), when cumulative exposure was lagged 10 years. Poisson regression modeling confirmed significant positive relationships between estimated chrysotile exposure and lung cancer and asbestosis mortality observed in previous updates of this cohort.
The authors conclude that this study confirms the findings from previous investigations of excess mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis and a strong exposure-response relationship between estimated exposure to chrysotile and mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis.
NOTES
No notes
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92.
Shannon H, Muir A, Haines T, Verma D. Mortality and cancer incidence in Ontario glass fiber workers. Occup Med (Lond). 2005 Oct;55(7):528-34.
REFERENCE
Shannon H, Muir A, Haines T, Verma D. Mortality and cancer incidence in Ontario glass fiber workers. Occup Med (Lond). 2005 Oct;55(7):528-34.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- glass fibers
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study (a follow-up study);
The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate glass fibre manufacturing and lung cancer.
This historical prospective study consisted of 2557 men employed in producing glass wool. Work histories, causes and dates of death, and date and site of cancer diagnoses were obtained and standardized mortality and incidence ratios (SMR, SIR) computed.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- glass fiber workers (Ontario)
CANCER
- lung cancer (also other cancers were listed: prostate cancer, skin cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, rectal cancer, laryngeal cancer, testicular cancer, kidney cancer, myeloid leukemia, stomach cancer, other lymphoid, lymphoid leukemia);
It was found that the overall SMR for lung cancer was 163 (95% CI = 118-221). The SMR did not vary consistently by duration of employment and time since first employment. However, the authors observed that plant workers with >20 years´ employment and >40 years since first exposure had an SMR for lung cancer of 282 (95% CI = 113-582). The SMR dropped with later date of first exposure, but the trend was non-significant. Also an unexpected overall increase in kidney cancer incidence was found.
As a conclusion the increase in lung cancer is greater than in other cohorts of glass fiber workers. Since exposure data are lacking from the early years of the plant, the authors cannot state if the excess was due to glass fibers, other work exposures or other reasons. Further investigation is needed.
NOTES
No notes
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93.
Colt JS, Davis S, Severson RK, Lynch CF, Cozen W, Camann D, Engels EA, Blair A, Hartge P. Residential insecticide use and risk of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Feb;15(2):251-7.
REFERENCE
Colt JS, Davis S, Severson RK, Lynch CF, Cozen W, Camann D, Engels EA, Blair A, Hartge P. Residential insecticide use and risk of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Feb;15(2):251-7.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- residential insecticide use
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
Background information: Previous studies have linked non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL) with occupational exposure to insecticides, but residential use is largely unexplored.
The aim of this population-based case-control study was to examine non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL) risk and use of insecticides in the home and garden.
The authors identified NHL cases, uninfected with HIV, diagnosed between 1998 and 2000 among women and men ages 20 to 74 years in Iowa and the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, Detroit, and Seattle. Controls of this study were selected using random digit dialing or Medicare files. Data on insecticide use at each home occupied since 1970 was obtained by computer-assisted personal interviews (1,321 cases and 1,057 controls). Insecticide levels were measured in dust taken from used vacuum cleaner bags (682 cases and 513 controls). The authors focused on insecticides that were commonly used after 1970 (the time period covered by questionnaire).
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma;
It was found that people whose homes were treated for termites had elevated non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL) risk (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.6). Risk was modestly, although not significantly, elevated in all but one study center and in all sexes and races.
The authors observed that the elevation in risk was restricted to people whose homes were treated before the 1988 chlordane ban. There was a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing levels of alpha-chlordane residues in dust (P(trend) = 0.04) and a marginally significant trend for gamma-chlordane (P(trend) = 0.06). The authors found no evidence of associations for insects overall, for specific types of insects other than termites, or for elevated residues of other insecticides.
They concluded that chlordane treatment of homes for termites may increase residents´ NHL risk.
NOTES
No notes
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94.
Cardis E, Vrijheid M, Blettner M, Gilbert E, Hakama M, Hill C, Howe G, Kaldor J, Muirhead CR, Schubauer-Berigan M, Yoshimura T, Bermann F, Cowper G, Fix J, Hacker C, Heinmiller B, Marshall M, Thierry-Chef I, Utterback D, Ahn YO, Amoros E, Ashmore P, Auvinen A, Bae JM, Solano JB, Biau A, Combalot E, Deboodt P, Diez Sacristan A, Eklof M, Engels H, Engholm G, Gulis G, Habib R, Holan K, Hyvonen H, Kerekes A, Kurtinaitis J, Malker H, Martuzzi M, Mastauskas A, Monnet A, Moser M, Pearce MS, Richardson DB, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rogel A, Tardy H, Telle-Lamberton M, Turai I, Usel M, Veress K. Risk of cancer after low doses of ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study in 15 countries. BMJ. 2005 Jul 9;331(7508):77-80. Epub 2005 Jun 29.
REFERENCE
Cardis E, Vrijheid M, Blettner M, Gilbert E, Hakama M, Hill C, Howe G, Kaldor J, Muirhead CR, Schubauer-Berigan M, Yoshimura T, Bermann F, Cowper G, Fix J, Hacker C, Heinmiller B, Marshall M, Thierry-Chef I, Utterback D, Ahn YO, Amoros E, Ashmore P, Auvinen A, Bae JM, Solano JB, Biau A, Combalot E, Deboodt P, Diez Sacristan A, Eklof M, Engels H, Engholm G, Gulis G, Habib R, Holan K, Hyvonen H, Kerekes A, Kurtinaitis J, Malker H, Martuzzi M, Mastauskas A, Monnet A, Moser M, Pearce MS, Richardson DB, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rogel A, Tardy H, Telle-Lamberton M, Turai I, Usel M, Veress K. Risk of cancer after low doses of ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study in 15 countries. BMJ. 2005 Jul 9;331(7508):77-80. Epub 2005 Jun 29.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- ionising radiation, (low doses of ionising radiation)
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
The aim of this multinational retrospective cohort study of cancer mortality was to provide direct estimates of risk of cancer after protracted low doses of ionising radiation and to strengthen the scientific basis of radiation protection standards for environmental, occupational, and medical diagnostic exposures.
The cohort of this study consisted of 407 391 workers in the nuclear industry in 15 countries. They were individually monitored for external radiation with a total follow-up of 5.2 million person years.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers in the nuclear industry (in 15 countries)
CANCER
- all cancers excluding leukaemia, solid cancers, leukaemia excluding CLL;
It was found that the excess relative risk for cancers other than leukaemia was 0.97 per Sv, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 1.97. Analyses of causes of death related or unrelated to smoking indicate that, although confounding by smoking may be present, it is unlikely to explain all of this increased risk. The excess relative risk for leukaemia excluding chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was 1.93 per Sv (< 0 to 8.47).
On the basis of these estimates the authors suggest that 1-2% of deaths from cancer among workers in this cohort may be attributable to radiation.
The authors conclude that these estimates (from the largest study of nuclear workers ever conducted) are higher than, but statistically compatible with, the risk estimates used for current radiation protection standards.
Based on the results the authors suggest that there is a small excess risk of cancer, even at the low doses and dose rates typically received by nuclear workers in this study.
NOTES
No notes
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95.
Tronko MD, Howe GR, Bogdanova TI, Bouville AC, Epstein OV, Brill AB, Likhtarev IA, Fink DJ, Markov VV, Greenebaum E, Olijnyk VA, Masnyk IJ, Shpak VM, McConnell RJ, Tereshchenko VP, Robbins J, Zvinchuk OV, Zablotska LB, Hatch M, Luckyanov NK, Ron E, Thomas TL, Voilleque PG, Beebe GW. A cohort study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases after the chornobyl accident: thyroid cancer in Ukraine detected during first screening. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Jul 5;98(13):897-903.
REFERENCE
Tronko MD, Howe GR, Bogdanova TI, Bouville AC, Epstein OV, Brill AB, Likhtarev IA, Fink DJ, Markov VV, Greenebaum E, Olijnyk VA, Masnyk IJ, Shpak VM, McConnell RJ, Tereshchenko VP, Robbins J, Zvinchuk OV, Zablotska LB, Hatch M, Luckyanov NK, Ron E, Thomas TL, Voilleque PG, Beebe GW. A cohort study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases after the chornobyl accident: thyroid cancer in Ukraine detected during first screening. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Jul 5;98(13):897-903.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- Chornobyl accident, radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
Background information: The Chornobyl accident in 1986 exposed thousands of people to radioactive iodine isotopes, particularly (131)I. That exposure was followed by a large increase in thyroid cancer among those exposed as children and adolescents, particularly in Belarus, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine.
This article reports the results of the first cohort study of thyroid cancer among those exposed as children and adolescents following the Chornobyl accident.
A cohort of 32 385 individuals younger than 18 years of age and resident in the most heavily contaminated areas in Ukraine at the time of the accident was invited to be screened for any thyroid pathology by ultrasound and palpation between 1998 and 2000. Of those 13 127 individuals (44%) were actually screened. Individual estimates of radiation dose to the thyroid were available for all screenees based on radioactivity measurements made shortly after the accident and on interview data. The excess relative risk per gray (Gy) was estimated using individual doses and a linear excess relative risk model.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- thyroid cancer;
As a result forty-five pathologically confirmed cases of thyroid cancer were found during the 1998-2000 screening. It was found that thyroid cancer showed a strong, monotonic, and approximately linear relationship with individual thyroid dose estimate (P<.001), yielding an estimated excess relative risk of 5.25 per Gy (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.70 to 27.5). Greater age at exposure was associated with decreased risk of radiation-related thyroid cancer, although this interaction effect was not statistically significant.
The authors conclude that exposure to radioactive iodine was strongly associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer among those exposed as children and adolescents.
They also suggest that in the absence of Chornobyl radiation, 11.2 thyroid cancer cases would have been expected compared with the 45 observed, i.e., a reduction of 75% (95% CI = 50% to 93%). The study provides quantitative risk estimates minimally confounded by any screening effects. In generalizing these results to any future similar accidents, caution should be exercised because of the potential differences in the nature of the radioactive iodines involved, the duration and temporal patterns of exposures, and the susceptibility of the exposed population.
NOTES
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96.
Marsh GM, Youk AO, Buchanich JM, Erdal S, Esmen NA. Work in the metal industry and nasopharyngeal cancer mortality among formaldehyde-exposed workers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;48(3):308-19. Epub 2007 Apr 30.
REFERENCE
Marsh GM, Youk AO, Buchanich JM, Erdal S, Esmen NA. Work in the metal industry and nasopharyngeal cancer mortality among formaldehyde-exposed workers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;48(3):308-19. Epub 2007 Apr 30.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- formaldehyde
STUDY DESIGN
- nested case-control study;
The aim of this study was to investigate further the possibility that the large nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) mortality excess among a cohort of formaldehyde-exposed workers may be related to occupational factors external to the study plant.
Subjects were 7345 workers employed at a plastics-producing plant (1941-1984) in Wallingford, Connecticut evaluated independently as part of a National Cancer Institute cohort study.
For this study vital status for 98% of the cohort and cause of death for 95% of 2872 deaths were determined through 2003. Reconstructed worker exposures to formaldehyde were used to compute unlagged and lagged exposure measures. The authors computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) based on US and local county rates. In a nested case-control study the authors evaluated mortality risks from nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and from all other pharyngeal cancers combined (AOPC) in relation to formaldehyde exposure while accounting for potential confounding or effect modification by smoking or external (non-Wallingford) employment. Job applications, Connecticut commercial city directories and a previous survey were used to assign subjects to three external job groups.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- formaldehyde-exposed workers in the metal industry
CANCER
- nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC);
The authors found no new deaths from nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and one additional AOPC death (pharynx unspecified) yielding, respectively, SMRs of 4.43 (7 deaths, 95% CI=1.78-9.13) and 1.71 (16 deaths, 95% CI=1.01-2.72).
Five of seven NPC cases worked in silver smithing (including brass plating and other jobs related to silver or brass) or other metal work (including steel working and welding), and this type of work was relatively rare in the remaining study population (OR=14.41, 95% CI=1.08-82.1).
For AOPC, the authors found a moderate increase in risk for other metal work (OR=1.40, 95% CI=.31-5.1). Interaction models suggested that NPC and AOPC risks were not elevated in subjects exposed only to formaldehyde.
The results of this nested case-control study suggest that the large nasopharyngeal cancer mortality excess in the Wallingford cohort may not be due to formaldehyde exposure, but rather reflects the influence of external employment in the ferrous and non-ferrous metal industries of the local area that entailed possible exposures to several suspected risk factors for upper respiratory system cancer (e.g., sulfuric acid mists, mineral acid, metal dusts and heat).
The authors suggest that the results of this study may also help to explain why the associations with formaldehyde and nasopharyngeal cancer reported in the 1994 update of the 10-plant NCI formaldehyde cohort study were unique to the Wallingford plant (Plant 1 in NCI study). They also suggest that further updates of the NCI formaldehyde cohort study should include co-exposure data on silver smithing and other metal work for all study plants to help explain the unique findings for nasopharyngeal cancer in Plant 1 compared with the other nine plants.
NOTES
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97.
Berg G, Spallek J, Schuz J, Schlehofer B, Bohler E, Schlaefer K, Hettinger I, Kunna-Grass K, Wahrendorf J, Blettner M. Occupational exposure to radio frequency/microwave radiation and the risk of brain tumors: Interphone Study Group, Germany. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Sep 15;164(6):538-48. Epub 2006 Jul 27.
REFERENCE
Berg G, Spallek J, Schuz J, Schlehofer B, Bohler E, Schlaefer K, Hettinger I, Kunna-Grass K, Wahrendorf J, Blettner M. Occupational exposure to radio frequency/microwave radiation and the risk of brain tumors: Interphone Study Group, Germany. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Sep 15;164(6):538-48. Epub 2006 Jul 27.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- radio frequency/microwave radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- case-control study;
The aim of this analysis was to examine the role of occupational RF/MW-EMF exposure in the risk of glioma and meningioma.
A population-based, case-control study including 381 meningioma cases, 366 glioma cases, and 1,494 controls aged 30-69 years was performed in 2000-2003 in three German regions. By using information on RF/MW-EMF exposure collected in a computer-assisted personal interview an exposure matrix for occupational activity was constructed.
"High" exposure was defined as an occupational exposure that may exceed the RF/MW-EMF exposure limits for the general public recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Multiple conditional logistic regressions were performed separately for glioma and meningioma.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- brain tumor; glioma, meningioma;
As a result no significant association between occupational exposure to RF/MW-EMF and brain tumors was found. For glioma, the adjusted odds ratio for highly exposed persons compared with persons not highly exposed was 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.69, 2.13); for meningioma, it was 1.34 (95% confidence interval: 0.64, 2.81). However, the authors suggest that the slight increase in risk observed with increasing duration of exposure merits further research with larger sample sizes.
NOTES
No notes
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98.
Ambroise D, Moulin JJ, Squinazi F, Protois JC, Fontana JM, Wild P. Cancer mortality among municipal pest-control workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 Jun;78(5):387-93. Epub 2005 Apr 22.
REFERENCE
Ambroise D, Moulin JJ, Squinazi F, Protois JC, Fontana JM, Wild P. Cancer mortality among municipal pest-control workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 Jun;78(5):387-93. Epub 2005 Apr 22.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- pesticides and other chemicals; formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, insecticides, rodenticides
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study, (a mortality historical cohort study);
The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis of a relationship between cancer occurrence and occupational exposure in a population of municipal pest-control workers exposed to a wide range of pesticides and other chemicals.
The cohort comprised all subjects ever employed in a municipal pest-control service between 1979 and 1994. The follow-up period lasted from 1979 to 2000 and the mortality rates of pest-control workers were compared with those of a regional population. A job exposure matrix was developed, which took into account four types of chemicals: formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, insecticides and rodenticides.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- municipal pest-control workers (exposed to a wide range of pesticides and other chemicals)
CANCER
- leukaemia, lung cancer etc.;
It was found that none of the 181 subjects of the cohort, leading to 3,107 person-years, was lost to follow-up. Thirty-nine of them died, and all the causes of deaths were ascertained. It was also found that the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes of deaths and for all cancer causes were significantly greater than unity: 1.61 (1.14-2.20) and 2.24 (1.39-3.43), respectively. Non-significant excesses were observed for most cancer sites, except for lung cancer, which had a low SMR.
The authors obtained significant excesses for cancer in workers with more than 20 years of employment [SMR = 2.42 (1.43-3.82)]. They also found that cancer mortality tended to increase insignificantly with formaldehyde and rodenticides exposures, whereas no clear patterns were observed for ethylene oxide and insecticides. However, significant excesses were observed for the highest exposure levels of formaldehyde, insecticides and rodenticides.
The authors conclude that this study showed a statistically significant excess of cancer mortality in a population of municipal pest-control workers exposed to a wide variety of chemicals and that these cancer sites might be related to occupational activities, since they tended to be more frequently observed when duration of employment increased.
NOTES
No notes
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99.
Lam TV, Agovino P, Niu X, Roche L. Linkage study of cancer risk among lead-exposed workers in New Jersey. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Jan 1;372(2-3):455-62. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
REFERENCE
Lam TV, Agovino P, Niu X, Roche L. Linkage study of cancer risk among lead-exposed workers in New Jersey. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Jan 1;372(2-3):455-62. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- lead
STUDY DESIGN
- Background information: Epidemiologic studies have illustrated a possible association between occupational exposure to lead and cancer, specifically cancers of the kidney, lung, stomach, and nervous system.
The authors performed a linkage between two New Jersey databases: the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance System (ABLES) and the New Jersey State Cancer Registry (NJSCR) for 1985-2001 to ascertain the risk of cancer in lead-exposed workers and to evaluate the usefulness of this type of linkage.
A cohort of 3192 men (from the ABLES database) met the selection criteria before the linkage. AUTOMATCH was used to link the two databases and person-time was stratified for each worker by five-year age group and calendar year. A standardized incidence ratios (SIR) analysis was performed.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- lead-exposed workers in New Jersey
CANCER
- cancers of the stomach, breast, larynx, intrahepatic bile duct, and chronic myeloid leukemia, cancers of the lung, kidney, and brain, prostate cancer etc.;
As a result 83 cases of cancer were found among 3165 men after all exclusions were made. Workers were followed for an average of ten years and contributed 30,401 person-years.
The SIR analysis showed a large overall deficit of cancer (SIR=0.51; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.62). It was also found that cancers of the stomach, breast, larynx, intrahepatic bile duct, and chronic myeloid leukemia were non-significantly elevated. The authors observed that prostate cancer showed the only statistically significant result, a deficit with an SIR of 0.35 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.57). Deficits also occurred in cancers of the lung, kidney, and brain.
The authors conclude that the results do not indicate that occupational exposure to lead is associated with cancer. However, it is not possible to make firm conclusions because of various study limitations, including small numbers, a large percentage of workers without age information, short follow-up time, and lack of vital status information.
The authors expect cancer incidence in this cohort to be low due to the Healthy Worker Effect and young age. Further follow-up of this cohort may be warranted since additional cancers may accrue as time from first exposure increases. Increased worker cohort information would also improve this type of study.
NOTES
No notes
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100.
Bender TJ, Beall C, Cheng H, Herrick RF, Kahn AR, Matthews R, Sathiakumar N, Schymura MJ, Stewart JH, Delzell E. Cancer incidence among semiconductor and electronic storage device workers. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jan;64(1):30-6. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
REFERENCE
Bender TJ, Beall C, Cheng H, Herrick RF, Kahn AR, Matthews R, Sathiakumar N, Schymura MJ, Stewart JH, Delzell E. Cancer incidence among semiconductor and electronic storage device workers. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jan;64(1):30-6. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate cancer incidence among workers at two facilities in the USA that made semiconductors and electronic storage devices.
The study population consisted of 89 054 men and women employed by International Business Machines (IBM). The authors compared employees´ incidence rates with general population rates and examined incidence patterns by facility, duration of employment, time since first employment, manufacturing era, potential for exposure to workplace environments other than offices and work activity.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- semiconductor and electronic storage device workers
CANCER
-;
It was found that for employees at the semiconductor manufacturing facility, the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers combined was 81 (1541 observed cases, 95% confidence interval (CI) 77 to 85) and for those at the storage device manufacturing facility the SIR was 87 (1319 observed cases, 95% CI 82 to 92).
It was also observed that the subgroups of employees with > or =15 years since hiring and > or =5 years worked had 6-16% fewer total incidents than expected. SIRs were increased for several cancers in certain employee subgroups, but analyses of incidence patterns by potential exposure and by years spent and time since starting in specific work activities did not clearly indicate that the excesses were due to occupational exposure.
The authors conclude that this study did not provide strong or consistent evidence of causal associations with employment factors. Data on employees with long potential induction time and many years worked were limited. Further follow-up will allow a more informative analysis of cancer incidence that might be plausibly related to workplace exposures in the cohort.
NOTES
No notes
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101.
Prysyazhnyuk A, Gristchenko V, Fedorenko Z, Gulak L, Fuzik M, Slipenyuk K, Tirmarche M. Twenty years after the Chernobyl accident: solid cancer incidence in various groups of the Ukrainian population. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2007 Mar;46(1):43-51. Epub 2007 Feb 6.
REFERENCE
Prysyazhnyuk A, Gristchenko V, Fedorenko Z, Gulak L, Fuzik M, Slipenyuk K, Tirmarche M. Twenty years after the Chernobyl accident: solid cancer incidence in various groups of the Ukrainian population. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2007 Mar;46(1):43-51. Epub 2007 Feb 6.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- ionizing radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
Background information: Several major international studies such as those performed on the A-bomb survivors, have shown a clear linkage between the exposure to ionizing radiation and the occurrence of various cancer types including leukemia. While these studies are mostly characterized by high dose rates, studies on populations exposed after the Chernobyl accident are in most cases characterized by low dose rates which are typical for occupational radiation protection.
The aim of this study was to determine and document the frequency of malignancies after the exposure of a significant part of the Ukrainian population due to the Chernobyl accident..
In this study data on more than 60,000 Ukrainian workers who participated in recovery operation works in Chernobyl in 1986-1987, more than 50,000 evacuees from the city of Prypyat and the 30 km zone, and about 360,000 residents of most contaminated territories is presented. It covers a period of observation from 1980 to 2004.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- Ukrainian workers who participated in recovery operation works in Chernobyl in 1986-1987 (also evacuees from the city of Prypyat and the 30 km zone, and residents of most contaminated territories)
CANCER
- solid cancers; breast cancer, thyroid cancer etc.
Based on the results, for all cancers combined, statistically significant higher incidence rates than the national rates were found only for the recovery workers (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 117.2%, 95% confidence interval: 114.1-120.3), while those for the other investigated groups were lower.
A significant increase of thyroid cancer incidence rates has been registered in all groups under study. This increase appears to be associated, at least partly, with the fallout of radioiodine, and it was found not only in children, but also in adolescents and adults. The most significant excess was found for male recovery workers corresponding to a factor of 8.0. However, the authors remind that the contribution of confounding factors such as an intensified thyroid screening after the Chernobyl accident could not be quantified, in the present study.
For female recovery workers an excess of breast cancer over the national rates (SIR 190.6%; 95% confidence interval: 163.6-217.7%) was observed. An analysis of the two other groups (evacuees and residents of contaminated territories) gave controversial results: relative to the local standard there was a statistically significant excess, while comparison with the national level did not substantiate this conclusion.
NOTES
No notes
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102.
Buffler PA, Kelsh MA, Kalmes RM, Lau EC, Chapman PS, Wood SM, Brorby GP, Silva JM, Hooper HC, Rizzo BD, Wood R. A Nested Case-Control Study of Brain Tumors Among Employees at a Petroleum Exploration and Extraction Research Facility. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jul;49(7):791-802.
REFERENCE
Buffler PA, Kelsh MA, Kalmes RM, Lau EC, Chapman PS, Wood SM, Brorby GP, Silva JM, Hooper HC, Rizzo BD, Wood R. A Nested Case-Control Study of Brain Tumors Among Employees at a Petroleum Exploration and Extraction Research Facility. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jul;49(7):791-802.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- petroleum, radiation, solvents, magnetic fields etc.
STUDY DESIGN
- a nested case-control study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate work-related exposures potentially associated with a cluster of brain tumors at a petroleum exploration and extraction research facility in a nested case-control study. Fifteen cases were identified in the original cohort and 150 matched controls selected.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- employees at a petroleum exploration and extraction research facility
CANCER
- brain tumor;
It was found that odds ratios (ORs) for occupational exposure to petroleum, radiation, solvents, magnetic fields, and work activities were near or below 1.0.
The authors observed ORs near 1.5 for: working with computers (OR = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30-9.35); work-related travel (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 0.25-5.95), and travel immunizations (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 0.23-9.45). Higher ORs were found for work in administrative and marketing buildings and for achieving a master´s or higher degree (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 0.4-10.7).
While some ORs above 1.5 were noted, no work-related chemical and physical exposures were significantly associated with the occurrence of brain tumors among employees at this facility.
NOTES
No notes
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103.
Buffler PA, Kelsh MA, Kalmes RM, Lau EC, Chapman PS, Wood SM, Brorby GP, Silva JM, Hooper HC, Rizzo BD, Wood R. A Nested Case-Control Study of Brain Tumors Among Employees at a Petroleum Exploration and Extraction Research Facility. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jul;49(7):791-802.
REFERENCE
Buffler PA, Kelsh MA, Kalmes RM, Lau EC, Chapman PS, Wood SM, Brorby GP, Silva JM, Hooper HC, Rizzo BD, Wood R. A Nested Case-Control Study of Brain Tumors Among Employees at a Petroleum Exploration and Extraction Research Facility. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jul;49(7):791-802.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- petroleum, radiation, solvents, magnetic fields etc.
STUDY DESIGN
- a nested case-control study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate work-related exposures potentially associated with a cluster of brain tumors at a petroleum exploration and extraction research facility in a nested case-control study. Fifteen cases were identified in the original cohort and 150 matched controls selected.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- employees at a petroleum exploration and extraction research facility
CANCER
- brain tumor;
It was found that odds ratios (ORs) for occupational exposure to petroleum, radiation, solvents, magnetic fields, and work activities were near or below 1.0.
The authors observed ORs near 1.5 for: working with computers (OR = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30-9.35); work-related travel (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 0.25-5.95), and travel immunizations (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 0.23-9.45). Higher ORs were found for work in administrative and marketing buildings and for achieving a master´s or higher degree (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 0.4-10.7).
While some ORs above 1.5 were noted, no work-related chemical and physical exposures were significantly associated with the occurrence of brain tumors among employees at this facility.
NOTES
No notes
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104.
Grice MM, Alexander BH, Hoffbeck R, Kampa DM. Self-reported medical conditions in perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride manufacturing workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jul;49(7):722-9.
REFERENCE
Grice MM, Alexander BH, Hoffbeck R, Kampa DM. Self-reported medical conditions in perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride manufacturing workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jul;49(7):722-9.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)
STUDY DESIGN
- The aim of this study was to evaluate whether some cancers, other conditions, and pregnancy outcomes were related to occupational perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure.
The authors surveyed current and former employees of a perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride production facility, using a self-administered questionnaire to ascertain several cancers and health conditions. Female cohort members also completed a brief pregnancy history. The authors requested medical records to validate reported melanoma, breast, prostate, and colon cancers. PFOS exposure was estimated based on a job exposure matrix up to the year of the diagnosis of the condition.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride manufacturing workers
CANCER
- melanoma, breast, prostate, and colon cancers, etc;
It was found that of the 1895 eligible participants, 1400 questionnaires were returned. As a result no association was observed between working in a PFOS-exposed job and the risk of any of the surveyed conditions.
The authors conclude that no association between working in a PFOS-exposed job and several cancers, common health conditions, and birth weight was observed.
NOTES
No notes
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105.
Pasetto R, Bosco MG, Palange S, Comba P, De Santis M, Di Fabio M, Forastiere F, Magrelli F, Castellani G, Perucci CA, Rovetta S, Pirastu R. Mortality study of employees in a factory of recovery and refining of catalytic converters in Rome, Italy. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2006;42(2):156-62.
REFERENCE
Pasetto R, Bosco MG, Palange S, Comba P, De Santis M, Di Fabio M, Forastiere F, Magrelli F, Castellani G, Perucci CA, Rovetta S, Pirastu R. Mortality study of employees in a factory of recovery and refining of catalytic converters in Rome, Italy. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2006;42(2):156-62.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
The aim of this study was to describe cause specific mortality of employees in a plant engaged in production, recovery and refining of catalytic converters located in Rome.
A total of 828 workers (642 males and 186 females) were followed up between 1956 and 31-12-2003, and cause specific standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and 90% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using regional rates for comparison.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- employees in a plant engaged in production, recovery and refining of catalytic converters (located in Rome)
CANCER
- brain cancer etc.;
It was found that among males hired between 1956 and 1993, followed up until 31/12/2003, mortality for all causes (SMR 0,8; 90% CI 0,7-1,0; 85 observed) and all neoplasms (SMR 0,6; 90% CI 0,42-0,87; 20 observed) was below expected; an increase was present for liver cirrhosis (SMR 2,74; 90% CI 1,47-5,1; 7 observed) and brain cancer (SMR 5,24; 90% CI 2,3-11,90; 4 observed).
The present investigation complies with the proposed scientific standards for occupational cohort studies. The study was not prompted by well defined a priori hypotheses but it is included in a process intended to typify a potentially polluted site; the absence of a priori hypotheses and of previous epidemiological evidence, prevent from a causal interpretation of the increased mortality from liver cirrhosis and brain cancer. The implementation of cohort studies in industrial sites where industrial activities similar to the one here examined are present, are highly recommended.
NOTES
No notes
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106.
Habib RR, Abdallah SM, Law M, Kaldor J. Cancer incidence among Australian nuclear industry workers. J Occup Health. 2006 Sep;48(5):358-65.
REFERENCE
Habib RR, Abdallah SM, Law M, Kaldor J. Cancer incidence among Australian nuclear industry workers. J Occup Health. 2006 Sep;48(5):358-65.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess whether workers at Lucas Heights Science and Technology Centre (LHSTC) had different levels of cancer incidence from the New South Wales (NSW) population in Australia.
Data on 7,076 workers employed between 1957-98 were collected from personnel, dosimetry, and medical files. An inception cohort was defined which included 4,523 workers in employment between 1972-96 to examine cancer incidence. Cancer registrations in the inception cohort were identified to 1996 through electronic linkage of records with the NSW and the Australian national registers of cancer incidence.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- Australian nuclear industry workers
CANCER
- pleural cancer, cancer of the small intestine etc.;
Based on the results all-cancer incidence in workers at Lucas Heights Science and Technology Centre (LHSTC) was 15% below the New South Wales (NSW) rates [SIR=0.85; 95% CI=(0.75, 0.95)]. It was found that of 37 specific cancers and groups of cancers examined, statistically significant excesses relative to NSW rates were observed only for pleural cancer incidence [SIR=17.71; 95%=(7.96, 39.43)], and for incidence of cancer of the small intestine [SIR=4.34; 95% CI=(1.40, 13.46)].
The authors conclude that this study gives little evidence of an increased risk of cancers associated with radiation exposure in a cohort of nuclear workers in Australia. The observed increase in the risk of cancer of the pleura was probably due to unmeasured exposures, given the lack of an established association with radiation exposure, and the strong link to asbestos exposure. Findings for cancers of the small intestine were based on small numbers and were likely to be due to chance.
NOTES
No notes
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107.
Wong EY, Ray R, Gao DL, Wernli KJ, Li W, Fitzgibbons ED, Feng Z, Thomas DB, Checkoway H. Reproductive history, occupational exposures, and thyroid cancer risk among women textile workers in Shanghai, China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2006 Mar;79(3):251-8. Epub 2005 Oct 12.
REFERENCE
Wong EY, Ray R, Gao DL, Wernli KJ, Li W, Fitzgibbons ED, Feng Z, Thomas DB, Checkoway H. Reproductive history, occupational exposures, and thyroid cancer risk among women textile workers in Shanghai, China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2006 Mar;79(3):251-8. Epub 2005 Oct 12.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- formaldehyde, betzene etc.
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-cohort study
The aim of this study was to find out if there were associations between reproductive history, occupational exposures and thyroid cancer risk among women textile workers.
Background information: Thyroid cancer risk has been previously associated with increased age at first pregnancy and history of miscarriage. Occupational risk factors for thyroid cancer, with the exception of radioactive iodine, have not been well investigated.
The authors conducted a case-cohort study nested in a cohort of 267,400 female textile workers in Shanghai, China, who had been followed for cancer incidence during 1989-1998.
The analysis included 130 incident thyroid cases and 3,187 subcohort non-cases. Reproductive history was determined by questionnaire at baseline. Historical exposures were reconstructed from work history and information on factory processes and exposures. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for reproductive factors and occupational exposures.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- women textile workers in Shanghai, China
CANCER
- thyroid cancer;
Based on the results associations between thyroid cancer and employment in jobs with 10 or more years of benzene exposure (HR 6.43, 95% CI: 1.08, 38) and formaldehyde exposure (HR 8.33, 95% CI: 1.16, 60) were observed. It was also found that administration workers had an increased risk (HR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.25). No associations between examined reproductive factors and thyroid cancer were observed in this study.
The authors conclude that despite statistically imprecise risk estimates, the findings suggest potential associations with some occupational chemical exposures in this cohort of textile workers.
NOTES
No notes
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108.
Nichols L, Sorahan T. Mortality of UK electricity generation and transmission workers, 1973-2002. Occup Med (Lond). 2005 Oct;55(7):541-8.
REFERENCE
Nichols L, Sorahan T. Mortality of UK electricity generation and transmission workers, 1973-2002. Occup Med (Lond). 2005 Oct;55(7):541-8.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort mortality study;
The aim of this study was to examine mortality from cancer and non-malignant causes among a large cohort of UK electricity generation and transmission workers.
The authors investigated the mortality experienced for the period 1973-2002 by a cohort of 83,923 employees of the former Central Electricity Generating Board of England and Wales. All employees had worked for at least 6 months with some employment between 1973 and 1982. To assess mortality standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were used in the total cohort and in three sub-cohorts: power station workers, substation and transmission workers and workers at non-operational locations. These classifications were based on the place of work of the first known job.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- UK electricity generation and transmission workers
CANCER
- cancer of the pleura, cancer of the brain, cancer of the breast etc.;
It was found that overall mortality was significantly below that expected, based on national rates [males: observed (Obs) 18,773, expected (Exp) 22,497.9, SMR 83; females: Obs 1122, Exp 1424.9, SMR 79]. Statistically significant deficits of deaths were also observed for most of the major disease groupings.
However, significant excesses of deaths were observed in male power station workers for cancer of the pleura (Obs 129, Exp 30.3, SMR 426) and in male workers from non-operational locations for cancer of the brain (Obs 55, Exp 36.0, SMR 153). Also a non-significant excess of deaths from cancer of the breast in male power station workers (Obs 10, Exp 5.3, SMR 190) was found.
It is concluded that mortality was exceptionally low for most causes of death but late health effects from earlier asbestos exposure were still in evidence.
NOTES
No notes
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109.
Rahu M, Rahu K, Auvinen A, Tekkel M, Stengrevics A, Hakulinen T, Boice JD Jr, Inskip PD. Cancer risk among Chernobyl cleanup workers in Estonia and Latvia, 1986-1998. Int J Cancer. 2006 Jul 1;119(1):162-8.
REFERENCE
Rahu M, Rahu K, Auvinen A, Tekkel M, Stengrevics A, Hakulinen T, Boice JD Jr, Inskip PD. Cancer risk among Chernobyl cleanup workers in Estonia and Latvia, 1986-1998. Int J Cancer. 2006 Jul 1;119(1):162-8.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- radiation exposure
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
For this study two cohorts of Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia (4,786 men) and Latvia (5,546 men) were followed from 1986 to 1998 to investigate cancer incidence among persons exposed to ionizing radiation from the Chernobyl accident. Each cohort was identified from various independent sources and followed using nationwide population and mortality registries. Cancers were ascertained by linkage with nationwide cancer registries.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- Chernobyl cleanup workers in Estonia and Latvia
CANCER
- thyroid cancer, brain cancer, leukemia etc.;
Based on the results 75 incident cancers were identified in the Estonian cohort and 80 in the Latvian cohort. The combined-cohort standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98-1.34) and for leukemia, 1.53 (95% CI = 0.62-3.17; n = 7).
Statistically significant excess cases of thyroid (SIR = 7.06, 95% CI = 2.84-14.55; n = 7) and brain cancer (SIR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.07-3.83; n = 11) were observed, mainly based on Latvian data.
However, no evidence of a dose response for any of these sites was found, and the relationship to radiation exposure remains to be established. Excess of thyroid cancer cases observed may have been due to screening, the leukemia cases included 2 unconfirmed diagnoses, and the excess cases of brain tumors may have been a chance finding.
The authors conclude that there was an indication of increased risk associated with early entry to the Chernobyl area and late follow-up, though not statistically significant. Further follow-up of Chernobyl cleanup workers is warranted to clarify the possible health effects of radiation exposure.
NOTES
No notes
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110.
Fucic A, Znaor A, Strnad M, van der Hel O, Aleksandrov A, Miskov S, Grah J, Sedlar M, Jazbec AM, Ceppi M, Vermeulen R, Boffetta P, Norppa H, Bonassi S. Chromosome damage and cancer risk in the workplace: The example of cytogenetic surveillance in Croatia. Toxicol Lett. 2007 May 25; ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Fucic A, Znaor A, Strnad M, van der Hel O, Aleksandrov A, Miskov S, Grah J, Sedlar M, Jazbec AM, Ceppi M, Vermeulen R, Boffetta P, Norppa H, Bonassi S. Chromosome damage and cancer risk in the workplace: The example of cytogenetic surveillance in Croatia. Toxicol Lett. 2007 May 25; ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- genotoxic agents (ionizing radiation, chemical agents, cytostatic drugs and mixed exposures)
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
Historical cohort studies have since 1990s consistently reported an association between the level of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral lymphocytes of healthy subjects and the risk of cancer but only in few cases, these results have been transformed into a regulatory tool for improving occupational safety: The cytogenetic surveillance program adopted for more than two decades in the Republic of Croatia is one of these few examples. Croatian workers exposed to genotoxic agents were systematically screened for CA, to identify occupational settings needing a priority intervention.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- Croatian workers exposed to genotoxic agents
CANCER
-
In groups exposed to ionizing radiation, chemical agents, and mixed exposures, significant increases of mean chromosomal aberrations (CA) frequency were observed when compared with a group of unexposed referents. CA data on 736 men and 584 women, monitored between 1987 and 2000, have been associated with cancer incidence.
Although the small size of the cohort did not allow for reaching statistical significance, the medium tertile of the CA frequency distribution was associated with a doubling of cancer incidence rate ratio (IRR=2.40; 95% CI 0.85-6.77) when compared with the lowest tertile. For chromosome-type CA, IRR was non-significantly increased for both the medium (IRR 1.53, 95% CI 0.58-3.99) and high categories (IRR 1.69; 95% CI 0.61-4.72).
Recommendations for future strategies comprise the inclusion of predictive biomarkers in surveillance programs, the definition of a regulatory framework, and their possible use for the identification of individual risk profiles.
NOTES
No notes
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111.
Parent ME, Rousseau MC, Boffetta P, Cohen A, Siemiatycki J. Exposure to diesel and gasoline engine emissions and the risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Jan 1;165(1):53-62. Epub 2006 Oct 24.
REFERENCE
Parent ME, Rousseau MC, Boffetta P, Cohen A, Siemiatycki J. Exposure to diesel and gasoline engine emissions and the risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Jan 1;165(1):53-62. Epub 2006 Oct 24.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- diesel and gasoline engine emissions
STUDY DESIGN
- case-control study;
It is known that pollution from motor vehicles constitutes a major environmental health problem. The aim of this paper was to describe associations between diesel and gasoline engine emissions and lung cancer, as evidenced in a 1979-1985 population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Cases consisted of 857 male lung cancer patients. Controls were 533 population controls and 1,349 patients with other cancer types.
To obtain a detailed lifetime job history and relevant data on potential confounders the subjects were interviewed. Industrial hygienists translated each job description into indices of exposure to several agents, including engine emissions.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- motor transport workers, mechanics, salesmen railway transport workers, excavators and pavers, miners and quarrymen, firefighters, dockworkers etc.
CANCER
- lung cancer;
It was found that there was no evidence of excess risks of lung cancer with exposure to gasoline exhaust. For diesel engine emissions, results differed by control group: When cancer controls were considered, there was no excess risk. When population controls were studied, the odds ratios, after adjustments for potential confounders, were 1.2 (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 1.8) for any exposure and 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 2.8) for substantial exposure. Confidence intervals between risk estimates derived from the two control groups overlapped considerably.
The authors conclude that these results provide some limited support for the hypothesis of an excess lung cancer risk due to diesel exhaust but no support for an increase in risk due to gasoline exhaust.
NOTES
No notes
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112.
Karipidis KK, Benke G, Sim MR, Kauppinen T, Kricker A, Hughes AM, Grulich AE, Vajdic CM, Kaldor J, Armstrong B, Fritschi L. Occupational exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 Aug;80(8):663-70. Epub 2007 Mar 2.
REFERENCE
Karipidis KK, Benke G, Sim MR, Kauppinen T, Kricker A, Hughes AM, Grulich AE, Vajdic CM, Kaldor J, Armstrong B, Fritschi L. Occupational exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 Aug;80(8):663-70. Epub 2007 Mar 2.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- ionizing, ultraviolet (UV), radiofrequency (RF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between occupational exposure to ionizing, ultraviolet (UV), radiofrequency (RF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation and risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a population-based case-control study.
The study population consisted of 694 NHL cases, first diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2001, and 694 controls from two regions in Australia, matched by age, sex and region of residence. A detailed occupation history was first obtained using a lifetime calendar and a telephone interview. Exposure to radiation was then assessed using a Finnish job-exposure matrix (FINJEM). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from logistic regression models that included the matching variables as covariates.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- various occupations
CANCER
- non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL);
Based on the results, the ORs for ionizing radiation were close to unity. It was found that for ultraviolet (UV) and extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation, the highest exposed group of workers had ORs of 1.32 (95% CI = 0.96-1.81) and 1.25 (95% CI = 0.91-1.72), respectively.
For UV radiation a positive dose-response was found when exposure was lagged by 5 and 10 years (P for trend 0.04 for both lag periods). Workers in the upper tertile of exposure for RF radiation had an OR of 3.15 (95% CI = 0.63-15.87), but the estimate was based on very small numbers.
The results of this study do not provide support for an association between NHL and occupational exposure to ionizing or ELF radiation. For UV radiation, the findings are consistent with a weak positive association. Further investigation focusing on ultraviolet (UV) and radiofrequency (RF) radiation and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is required.
NOTES
No notes
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113.
Richiardi L, Boffetta P, Simonato L, Forastiere F, Zambon P, Fortes C, Gaborieau V, Merletti F. Occupational risk factors for lung cancer in men and women: a population-based case-control study in Italy. Cancer Causes Control. 2004 Apr;15(3):285-94.
REFERENCE
Richiardi L, Boffetta P, Simonato L, Forastiere F, Zambon P, Fortes C, Gaborieau V, Merletti F. Occupational risk factors for lung cancer in men and women: a population-based case-control study in Italy. Cancer Causes Control. 2004 Apr;15(3):285-94.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- case-control study;
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of occupation in lung cancerogenesis in two Northern Italian areas.
During 1990-1992, occupational histories for 1171 incident lung cancer cases (956 men, 176 women) and 1553 population controls (1253 men, 300 women) were obtained and evaluated for having been employed in jobs entailing exposure to known or suspected lung carcinogens. A further exploratory analysis on other job titles and branches of industry was conducted.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- non-ferrous metal workers and painters; cleaners; bakers; tailors; plumbers and pipe fitters; welders and flame-cutters; dockers and freight handlers; construction workers; glass workers; laundry/dry cleaners; workers in rubber industry etc.
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Among men, a smoking-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.6-2.8) was found for exposure to known carcinogens, corresponding to a population attributable risk of 9.5% (6.0-13.0). It was also found that non-ferrous metal workers and painters had a significantly increased risk. No association for exposure to suspected carcinogens was found. In the exploratory analysis, the OR was increased for cleaners (OR: 2.7; 1.0-7.4), bakers (5.7; 1.4-24), tailors (6.9; 1.2-39), plumbers and pipe fitters (2.6; 1.0-6.4), welders and flame-cutters (5.6; 2.1-15), dockers and freight handlers (1.7; 1.0-2.7) and construction workers (1.4; 1.1-1.9). For female glass workers, laundry/dry cleaners and workers in rubber industry an increased risk was observed.
As a conclusion the study indicates that a sizable proportion of lung cancers among men may be due to occupational exposures and suggests that exposure to lung carcinogens occurs in different jobs in women compared to men.
NOTES
No notes
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114.
´t Mannetje A, Pearce N. Bladder cancer risk in sales workers: artefact or cause for concern? Am J Ind Med. 2006 Mar;49(3):175-86.
REFERENCE
´t Mannetje A, Pearce N. Bladder cancer risk in sales workers: artefact or cause for concern? Am J Ind Med. 2006 Mar;49(3):175-86.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- review, meta-analyses;
Background information: A large number of epidemiological studies have reported positive associations between bladder cancer and sales occupations. The aim of this study was to investigated whether these findings are likely to be due to chance, confounding or publication bias, or may involve causal associations.
The authors reviewed studies reporting bladder cancer risk-estimates for sales occupations. Eighteen publications were identified, reporting 85 risk-estimates for sales-work. Using meta-analyses they assessed heterogeneity and publication bias, and derived summary estimates.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- sales workers
CANCER
- bladder cancer;
Based on the results meta-estimates were elevated for men (odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.21) and women (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.11-1.67).
The estimate was heterogeneous for men (p(Q-test) <0.01, women: 0.18) and indicated publication bias for women (p(Egger-test) <0.01, men: 0.40).
When including only smoking-adjusted estimates reported irrespective of the strength of the association, the summary estimate for generic groups of sales workers was 0.99 (95% CI 0.90-1.08) for men, and 1.18 (95% CI = 0.99-1.39) for women, without statistically significant heterogeneity or publication bias. For women, risk was positively associated with longer duration of sales-employment in three studies.
The authors conclude that publication bias explained most of the reported increased bladder cancer risk, but sales-work still appeared to be associated with a small risk in women. They suggest that possible causal factors include lower frequency of urination and reduced fluid intake.
NOTES
No notes
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115.
Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Lissowska J, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rudnai P, Fabianova E, Mates D, Navratilova M, Bencko V, Janout V, Fevotte J, Fletcher T, ´t Mannetje A, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Occupation and risk of lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: the IARC multi-center case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Aug;18(6):645-54. Epub 2007 May 23.
REFERENCE
Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Lissowska J, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rudnai P, Fabianova E, Mates D, Navratilova M, Bencko V, Janout V, Fevotte J, Fletcher T, ´t Mannetje A, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Occupation and risk of lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: the IARC multi-center case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Aug;18(6):645-54. Epub 2007 May 23.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- multi-center case-control study;
The aim of this study was to seek to evaluate the role of occupation and industry in lung carcinogenesis in six countries in Central and Eastern Europe.
This multi-center case-control study consisted of 2,056 male and 576 female lung cancer incidence cases diagnosed from 1998 to 2001 and 2,144 male and 727 female controls frequency-matched for sex and age. Unconditional regression models were applied to calculate the odds ratios after controlling for potential confounders including age (5-year groups), study center (15 centers), and tobacco pack-years.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- medical, dental and veterinary doctors; librarians and curators; sewers; production workers; bookkeepers and cashiers; general farmers; livestock workers; miners; toolmakers and metal patternmakers; glass formers; dockworkers, and freight handlers; occupations involved with mining; manufacture of cement, lime, or plaster; casting of metals; manufacture of electric motors; etc.
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on the results elevated odds ratios (ORs) were found for men employed as production workers (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22-1.72), bookkeepers and cashiers (1.81, 1.03-3.24), general farmers (1.67, 1.08-2.60), livestock workers (2.54, 1.09-5.88), miners (2.17, 1.47-3.23), toolmakers and metal patternmakers (2.56, 1.34-4.94), glass formers (2.55, 1.18-5.50), dockworkers, and freight handlers (1.49, 1.04-2.12).
It was found that industries with elevated risk among men included mining (1.75, 1.20-2.57), manufacture of cement, lime, or plaster (3.62, 1.11-12.00), casting of metals (2.00, 1.17-3.45), manufacture of electric motors (2.18, 1.24-3.86). For women, elevated ORs were found for medical, dental, veterinary doctors (2.54, 1.01-6.31), librarians and curators (7.03, 1.80-27.80), sewers 3.63 (1.12-10.23).
The authors conclude that this study identifies new areas for further, explanatory analyses, especially in production work, and indicates new possible sources of exposure to cancer risk for women.
NOTES
No notes
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116.
Alexander BH, Olsen GW. Bladder cancer in perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride manufacturing workers. Ann Epidemiol. 2007 Jun;17(6):471-8. Epub 2007 Apr 19.
REFERENCE
Alexander BH, Olsen GW. Bladder cancer in perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride manufacturing workers. Ann Epidemiol. 2007 Jun;17(6):471-8. Epub 2007 Apr 19.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to determine whether bladder cancer is associated with exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in an occupational cohort.
For this study incidence of bladder cancer was ascertained by postal questionnaire to all living current and former employees of the facility (N = 1895) and death certificates for deceased workers (N = 188). Exposure to PFOS was estimated with work history records and weighted with biological monitoring data. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated using U.S. population-based rates as a reference, and bladder cancer risk within the cohort was evaluated using Poisson regression by cumulative PFOS exposure.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride manufacturing workers
CANCER
- bladder cancer;
Questionnaires were returned by 1,400 of the 1895 cohort members presumed alive. It was found that eleven cases of primary bladder cancer were identified from the surveys (n = 6) and death certificates (n = 5).
Based on the results the SIRs were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-2.29) for the entire cohort and 1.74 (95% CI = 0.64-3.79) for those ever working in a high exposed job. Compared with employees in the lowest cumulative exposure category, the relative risk of bladder cancer was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.15-4.65), 1.92 (95% CI = 0.30-12.06), and 1.52 (95% CI = 0.21-10.99).
The authors conclude that the results offer little support for an association between bladder cancer and PFOS exposure, but the limited size of the population prohibits a conclusive exposure response analysis.
NOTES
No notes
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117.
Soldan K, Pooley FD, Hansen J, Andersen A, Chang-Claude J, Ferro G, Ohgaki H, Skov BG, Cherrie JW, Saracci R, Boffetta P. Lung fibre burden in lung cancer cases employed in the rock and slag wool industry. Ann Occup Hyg. 2006 Apr;50(3):241-8. Epub 2005 Dec 21.
REFERENCE
Soldan K, Pooley FD, Hansen J, Andersen A, Chang-Claude J, Ferro G, Ohgaki H, Skov BG, Cherrie JW, Saracci R, Boffetta P. Lung fibre burden in lung cancer cases employed in the rock and slag wool industry. Ann Occup Hyg. 2006 Apr;50(3):241-8. Epub 2005 Dec 21.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF), asbestos fibres
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between estimated exposure to man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) and to asbestos fibres and their concentration in the lung tissue of lung cancer cases amongst MMVF production workers.
Retrospective retrieval of available lung tissue specimens was conducted following a case-control study that assessed estimated occupational exposures of MMVF workers. To determine fibre type, fibre dimension and numbers per gram of dry lung tissue, fibre recovery and analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were conducted. For cases with detailed exposure data, geometric mean (GM) concentrations were compared across the exposure categories, and regression models were used to investigate the relationship between the lung fibres and the variables of estimated exposure, with and without additional variables that may affect fibre retention.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers in the rock and slag wool industry, man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) production workers
CANCER
- lung cancer;
In this study a total of 24 samples from 17 cases of lung cancer were available for analysis: MMVF were detected in all cases. Asbestos fibres were detected in 16.
The authors observed no difference or trend in GM MMVF concentration across the estimated exposure categories. Odds ratio (OR) for MMVF g(-1) dry lung was 0.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.1-2.4) for the second, and 3.5 (0.6-18.9) for the third quartile of index of average exposure to MMVF in industry, compared with the first (lowest exposed) quartile (no cases in the highest quartile).
It was concluded that no observable relationship existed between estimated exposure and directly-measured lung fibres among this sample of cases. Retrospective specimen collection, intra-individual variability in fibre concentration, effect of unknown factors on fibre retention and small sample size militated against this study providing evidence for or against a relationship between estimated exposure and lung fibre concentrations.
NOTES
No notes
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118.
Soldan K, Pooley FD, Hansen J, Andersen A, Chang-Claude J, Ferro G, Ohgaki H, Skov BG, Cherrie JW, Saracci R, Boffetta P. Lung fibre burden in lung cancer cases employed in the rock and slag wool industry. Ann Occup Hyg. 2006 Apr;50(3):241-8. Epub 2005 Dec 21.
REFERENCE
Soldan K, Pooley FD, Hansen J, Andersen A, Chang-Claude J, Ferro G, Ohgaki H, Skov BG, Cherrie JW, Saracci R, Boffetta P. Lung fibre burden in lung cancer cases employed in the rock and slag wool industry. Ann Occup Hyg. 2006 Apr;50(3):241-8. Epub 2005 Dec 21.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF), asbestos fibres
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between estimated exposure to man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) and to asbestos fibres and their concentration in the lung tissue of lung cancer cases amongst MMVF production workers.
Retrospective retrieval of available lung tissue specimens was conducted following a case-control study that assessed estimated occupational exposures of MMVF workers. To determine fibre type, fibre dimension and numbers per gram of dry lung tissue, fibre recovery and analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were conducted. For cases with detailed exposure data, geometric mean (GM) concentrations were compared across the exposure categories, and regression models were used to investigate the relationship between the lung fibres and the variables of estimated exposure, with and without additional variables that may affect fibre retention.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers in the rock and slag wool industry, man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) production workers
CANCER
- lung cancer;
In this study a total of 24 samples from 17 cases of lung cancer were available for analysis: MMVF were detected in all cases. Asbestos fibres were detected in 16.
The authors observed no difference or trend in GM MMVF concentration across the estimated exposure categories. Odds ratio (OR) for MMVF g(-1) dry lung was 0.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.1-2.4) for the second, and 3.5 (0.6-18.9) for the third quartile of index of average exposure to MMVF in industry, compared with the first (lowest exposed) quartile (no cases in the highest quartile).
It was concluded that no observable relationship existed between estimated exposure and directly-measured lung fibres among this sample of cases. Retrospective specimen collection, intra-individual variability in fibre concentration, effect of unknown factors on fibre retention and small sample size militated against this study providing evidence for or against a relationship between estimated exposure and lung fibre concentrations.
NOTES
No notes
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119.
Zhang Y, Cantor KP, Dosemeci M, Lynch CF, Zhu Y, Zheng T. Occupational and leisure-time physical activity and risk of colon cancer by subsite. J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Mar;48(3):236-43.
REFERENCE
Zhang Y, Cantor KP, Dosemeci M, Lynch CF, Zhu Y, Zheng T. Occupational and leisure-time physical activity and risk of colon cancer by subsite. J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Mar;48(3):236-43.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- occupational and leisure-time physical activity
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this study was to investigate possible relationships between physical activity and colon cancer.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- colon cancer;
The authors analyzed data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Iowa involving 685 colon cancer cases and 2434 control subjects.
As a result among those who reported recreational activity more than twice per week, a 30% risk reduction of colon cancer was observed for all sites with a 40% risk reduction for cancer of the right colon. Also occupational physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer. The risk was the lowest for those with both high occupational and recreational physical activity (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.8).
The authors suggest that increased physical activity was inversely associated with colon cancer risk and that the inverse associations were stronger for the right than for the left colon.
NOTES
No notes
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120.
Gates MA, Feskanich D, Speizer FE, Hankinson SE. Operating room nursing and lung cancer risk in a cohort of female registered nurses. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007 Apr;33(2):140-7.
REFERENCE
Gates MA, Feskanich D, Speizer FE, Hankinson SE. Operating room nursing and lung cancer risk in a cohort of female registered nurses. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007 Apr;33(2):140-7.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- surgical smoke
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study (of female registered nurses);
It is known that smoke generated during laser surgery and electrocautery contains respiratory irritants and human carcinogens. Although laboratory and animal studies have demonstrated that this smoke has inflammatory and mutagenic potential, no population-based studies of the health effects of exposure to surgical smoke have been published.
The aim of this study was to examined the association between duration of employment as an operating room nurse, a proxy measure for surgical smoke exposure, and subsequent lung cancer risk.
This study was conducted among 86 747 women in the Nurses´ Health Study. In 1984 information on the duration of prior operating room employment was collected, and the women were followed for incident, confirmed lung cancer.
Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the incidence rate ratio of lung cancer for each exposure category using women with no prior operating room employment for comparison. All of the models were adjusted for age, smoking history, passive smoke exposure, fruit and vegetable consumption, and alpha carotene and lycopene intake.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- nurses working in the operating room (female)
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on the results a history of operating room employment was not associated with an increased rate of lung cancer in multivariable analyses [rate ratio (RR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.86-1.15]. In fact it was found that nurses in the highest exposure category, > or =15 years of operating room employment, had a significantly lower rate of lung cancer than nurses with no prior operating room employment (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91), possibly due to confounding by overall health status or residual confounding by smoking history.
The authors conclude that long-term exposure to surgical smoke, as measured by the duration of operating room employment, does not appear to increase the risk of lung cancer.
NOTES
No notes
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121.
Cocco P, Dosemeci M, Rice C. Lung cancer among silica-exposed workers: the quest for truth between chance and necessity. Med Lav. 2007 Jan-Feb;98(1):3-17.
REFERENCE
Cocco P, Dosemeci M, Rice C. Lung cancer among silica-exposed workers: the quest for truth between chance and necessity. Med Lav. 2007 Jan-Feb;98(1):3-17.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- silica
STUDY DESIGN
- review;
Background information: IARC upgraded crystalline silica to a Group 1 human carcinogen in 1997. However, the IARC report itself acknowledged variations in risk depending on inherent characteristics of the crystalline silica or external factors affecting its biological activity or distribution of its polymorphs.
Authors reviewed silica physical and physico-chemical properties and how such properties may affect its interaction with the target cells. Then studies of silica, silicosis and lung cancer published from 1997 onwards are reviewed in the search of any new advances in knowledge about silica carcinogenicity. Finally, other possible confounding factors contributing to inconsistent findings on silica, silicosis, and lung cancer are reviewed.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- silica-exposed workers
CANCER
- lung cancer;
As a result host factors, physico-chemical characteristics of the surface of silica particles, exposure circumstances, and the mineral ore composition experimentally affect the ability of silica particles of inducing release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TNF-alpha by alveolar macrophages, possibly accounting for the great variation in lung cancer risk among dust exposed workers across the individual studies. Anyhow most recent epidemiological studies do not consider such complex pattern of modifying factors, and they keep replicating inconsistent findings. The hypothesis of a silicosis-mediated pathway, although more consistent from an epidemiological perspectives, and reassuring in terms of the effectiveness of current standards in preventing lung cancer risk among silica exposed workers, does not seem to explain elevated risks at low silica exposure levels.
The authors conclude that future studies of lung cancer risk among workers exposed to silica-containing dust should consider measurement of ROS and TNF-alpha release by workplace dust samples as intermediate end-points predicting lung cancer risk better than silica concentration, allowing to more effectively address preventive action.
NOTES
No notes
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122.
Marinaccio A, Scarselli A, Gorini G, Chellini E, Mastrantonio M, Uccelli R, Altavista P, Pirastu R, Merlo DF, Nesti M. Retrospective mortality cohort study of Italian workers compensated for silicosis. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Nov;63(11):762-5. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
REFERENCE
Marinaccio A, Scarselli A, Gorini G, Chellini E, Mastrantonio M, Uccelli R, Altavista P, Pirastu R, Merlo DF, Nesti M. Retrospective mortality cohort study of Italian workers compensated for silicosis. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Nov;63(11):762-5. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- silica dust, silicosis
STUDY DESIGN
- a retrospective mortality cohort study;
The aim of this study was to estimate cause specific mortality in a large cohort of Italian workers compensated for silicosis.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- Italian workers with different professional categories (miners, generic workers, glass workers, masons, ceramic workers etc.)
CANCER
- cancer of the lung, trachea and bronchus; liver cancer etc.;
The cohort of this study included 14 929 subjects (14,098 men and 831 women) compensated for silicosis between 1946 and 1979, alive on 1 January 1980, and resident in Tuscany (a region of central Italy with 3,547,000 inhabitants). Mortality follow up ranged from 1980 to 1999 and vital status and the causes of death were determined by linkage with the regional mortality registry and with the national mortality database.
Based on the results a significant excess mortality was observed in male silicotics for cancer of the lung, trachea, and bronchus and cancer of the liver, respiratory diseases (silicosis, asbestosis, antracosilicosis, and other pneumoconiosis), and for tubercolosis. In female silicotics statistically significant mortality excess was observed for respiratory diseases (specifically silicosis and other pneumoconiosis) and tuberculosis. Analyses for period of compensation assignment showed a twofold increased SMR for biliary tract cancer among female workers and for liver cancer among male workers compensated before 1970.
The authors conclude that the excess mortality from respiratory tract cancers and respiratory tract diseases detected in Italian compensated silicotics are in agreement with previous epidemiological studies. Although the twofold increased risk for liver cancer among males is suggestive of a possible association with silica dust exposure, the finding needs to be confirmed.
NOTES
No notes
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123.
Yu IT, Tse LA, Wong TW, Leung CC, Tam CM, Chan AC. Further evidence for a link between silica dust and esophageal cancer. Int J Cancer. 2005 Apr 10;114(3):479-83.
REFERENCE
Yu IT, Tse LA, Wong TW, Leung CC, Tam CM, Chan AC. Further evidence for a link between silica dust and esophageal cancer. Int J Cancer. 2005 Apr 10;114(3):479-83.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- silica dust
STUDY DESIGN
- a historical cohort study;
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between silicosis and esophageal cancer in Hong Kong. The mortality of esophageal cancer was investigated among caisson and non-caisson workers in a cohort of 2,789 male silicotic workers in Hong Kong during the period 1981-99 and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated using the Hong Kong general population rates as reference. The indirect method proposed by Axelson was used for adjusting the confounding effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- silicotics who had worked in underground caissons in Hong Kong
CANCER
- esophageal cancer;
Based on the results the SMR of esophageal cancer in the entire cohort was 2.22 (95% CI 1.36-3.43, based on 20 deaths) and was 4.21 (95% CI 1.81-8.30, based on 8 deaths) in the subgroup of caisson workers who had a higher exposure to silica dust. The relative risk of esophageal cancer for caisson silicotics was reduced to 2.34 after adjusting for the effects of smoking and alcohol drinking. Among non-caisson silicotic workers after the adjustments no more excess risk of esophageal cancer was observed.
This study revealed that there was an increased mortality risk of esophageal cancer among silicotics who had worked in underground caissons in Hong Kong after adjusting for cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking.
The authors suggest that the excess risk of esophageal cancer mortality among caisson workers with silicosis could best be explained by the very heavy exposure to free silica dust in their working environment.
NOTES
No notes
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124.
Alder N, Fenty J, Warren F, Sutton AJ, Rushton L, Jones DR, Abrams KR. Meta-analysis of mortality and cancer incidence among workers in the synthetic rubber-producing industry. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Sep 1;164(5):405-20. Epub 2006 Jul 27.
REFERENCE
Alder N, Fenty J, Warren F, Sutton AJ, Rushton L, Jones DR, Abrams KR. Meta-analysis of mortality and cancer incidence among workers in the synthetic rubber-producing industry. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Sep 1;164(5):405-20. Epub 2006 Jul 27.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- meta-analysis and review;
The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of workers in the rubber-producing industry (to assess mortality and cancer incidence).
Data for this study were obtained from computerized literature searches of several databases from their inception through December 2003.
The reference lists of identified articles were inspected for further relevant articles. Random-effects meta-analyses of log standardized mortality ratios (SMRs)/standardized incidence ratios were conducted by the authors. Heterogeneity between study results was explored through subgroup analyses and meta-regression on cohort demographic factors and study quality indicators.
36 published articles reporting information on 31 different cohort groups were identified.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers in the synthetic rubber-producing industry
CANCER
- leukemia; (also other cancer types were found);
It was found that the meta-SMR was 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82, 0.91) for all-cause mortality (28 cohorts) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.01) for all malignant neoplasms (27 cohorts). The authors observed heterogeneity for these endpoints and for the majority of disease-specific outcomes.
Based on the results statistically significant excesses were observed for diabetes (meta-SMR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.59) (five cohorts) and leukemia (meta-SMR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.43) (16 cohorts), the latter particularly for persons working exclusively in nontire manufacturing (meta-SMR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.54) (four cohorts).
Excesses highlighted in previous narrative reviews were not substantiated. Interpretation of these results is complicated by substantial unexplainable heterogeneity; small excesses in specific mortality outcomes may have been disguised by the healthy worker effect.
NOTES
No notes
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125.
Mandel JH, Kelsh MA, Mink PJ, Alexander DD, Kalmes RM, Weingart M, Yost L, Goodman M. Occupational trichloroethylene exposure and non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma: a meta-analysis and review. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Sep;63(9):597-607. Epub 2006 Apr 27.
REFERENCE
Mandel JH, Kelsh MA, Mink PJ, Alexander DD, Kalmes RM, Weingart M, Yost L, Goodman M. Occupational trichloroethylene exposure and non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma: a meta-analysis and review. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Sep;63(9):597-607. Epub 2006 Apr 27.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- trichloroethylene (TCE)
STUDY DESIGN
- a meta-analysis and review;
The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and the risk of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL).
Meta-analysis and review of 14 occupational cohort and four case-control studies of workers exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE) to investigate the relation between TCE exposure and the risk of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL) were conducted. Studies were selected and categorised based on a priori criteria, and results from random effects meta-analyses are presented.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- those exposed to occupational TCE;
CANCER
- non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL);
Based on the results the summary relative risk estimates (SRRE) for the group of cohort studies that had more detailed information on TCE exposure was 1.29 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.66) for the total cohort and 1.59 (95% CI 1.21 to 2.08) for the seven studies that identified a specific TCE exposed sub-cohort. SRREs for three studies with cumulative exposure information were 1.8 (95% CI 0.62 to 5.26) for the lowest exposure category and 1.41 (95% CI 0.61 to 3.23) for the highest category. The authors observed that comparison of SRREs by levels of TCE exposure did not indicate exposure-response trends. The remaining cohort studies that identified TCE exposure but lacked detailed exposure information had an SRRE of 0.843 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.98). Case-control studies had an SRRE of 1.39 (95% CI 0.62 to 3.10). Statistically significant findings for the Group 1 studies were driven by the results from the subgroup of multiple industry cohort studies (conducted in Europe) (SRRE = 1.86; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.71). The SRRE for single industry cohort studies was not significantly elevated (SRRE = 1.25; 95% CI 0.87 to 1.79).
The authors conclude that interpretation of overall findings is hampered by variability in results across the Group 1 studies, limited exposure assessments, lack of evidence of exposure response trends, lack of supportive information from toxicological and mechanistic data, and absence of consistent findings in epidemiologic studies of exposure and NHL. The authors suggest that although a modest positive association was found in the TCE sub-cohort analysis, a finding attributable to studies that included workers from multiple industries, there is insufficient evidence to suggest a causal link between TCE exposure and NHL.
NOTES
No notes
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126.
Everatt RP, Smolianskiene G, Tossavainen A, Cicenas S, Jankauskas R. Occupational asbestos exposure among respiratory cancer patients in Lithuania. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Jun;50(6):455-63.
REFERENCE
Everatt RP, Smolianskiene G, Tossavainen A, Cicenas S, Jankauskas R. Occupational asbestos exposure among respiratory cancer patients in Lithuania. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Jun;50(6):455-63.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- asbestos
STUDY DESIGN
- This study attempts to estimate the proportion of those occupationally exposed to asbestos among respiratory cancer patients.
In this study occupational exposure to asbestos was assessed retrospectively for 298 lung cancer and four mesothelioma patients, admitted to the Institute of Oncology, Vilnius.
The evaluation was based on personal interview data using an internationally established questionnaire covering most likely activities of asbestos exposure at the workplace, cumulative exposure to asbestos at work was estimated in fiber years and lung tissue asbestos fiber burden analysis was conducted by scanning transmission electron microscopy on 23 samples.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers of foundries, construction, installation, shipyard, power plant, railway, asbestos cement, glass and chemical industry
CANCER
- lung cancer, mesothelioma;
As a result a cumulative asbestos exposure of > or =25 fiber years was found for 10 lung cancer patients (3.4%). They worked in foundries, construction, installation, shipyard, power plant, railway, asbestos cement, glass and chemical industry.
A cumulative exposure from 5 to 24.9 fiber years was assessed in a further 56 lung cancer patients (18.8%) and for one (25%) mesothelioma patient. In 18 cases asbestos fibers were detected, the burden ranged from 0.1 to 4.1 million fibers/g dry lung tissue; concentrations exceeding 1 million f/g dry lung tissue were found in four cases. All fibers were chrysotile.
As a conclusion the findings indicate that a fraction (3.4%) of the lung cancer cases could be attributed to heavy occupational exposure to asbestos using the Helsinki criterion of > or =25 fiber years. Therefore, approximately 50 lung cancer cases per year in Lithuania could be asbestos-related compensable occupational diseases.
NOTES
No notes
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127.
#Reulen RC, Kellen E, Buntinx F, Zeegers MP. Bladder cancer and occupation: a report from the Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer risk. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Jun;50(6):449-54.
REFERENCE
#Reulen RC, Kellen E, Buntinx F, Zeegers MP. Bladder cancer and occupation: a report from the Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer risk. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Jun;50(6):449-54.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this study was to examine associations between occupation and bladder cancer.
This population-based case-control study consisted of two hundred two cases and 390 controls. Age, sex, smoking, and education adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each occupation by unconditional logistic regression.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- domestic helpers, cleaners, and launderers; painters, varnishers, electronic equipment assemblers, general laborers, building finishers, carpenters and joiners, architects and engineers, and textile and garment workers etc.
CANCER
- bladder cancer;
Based on the results the occupational group of domestic helpers, cleaners, and launderers exhibited a significantly elevated risk of bladder cancer. Elevated non-significant risks (OR > 1.5) were observed for painters and varnishers, electronic equipment assemblers, general laborers, building finishers, carpenters and joiners, architects and engineers, and textile and garment workers.
As a conclusion this study suggests that domestic helpers, cleaners, and launderers probably experience an increased risk of bladder cancer. Although no other occupations showed significantly increased risks, the non-significantly elevated risks for painters, carpenters, and textile workers could be confirmed by results from earlier studies.
NOTES
No notes
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128.
Ali R, Yu CL, Wu MT, Ho CK, Pan BJ, Smith T, Christiani DC. A case-control study of parental occupation, leukemia, and brain tumors in an industrial city in Taiwan. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Sep;46(9):985-92.
REFERENCE
Ali R, Yu CL, Wu MT, Ho CK, Pan BJ, Smith T, Christiani DC. A case-control study of parental occupation, leukemia, and brain tumors in an industrial city in Taiwan. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Sep;46(9):985-92.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- parental occupation
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this case-control study (in an industrial city in Taiwan) was to determine whether parents of newly diagnosed patients who were younger than 30 years old with leukemia or brain tumors or the patients themselves were more likely to have been employed in certain occupations or industries.
For this study job histories were collected for parents (and for subjects if they worked) on 103 newly diagnosed cases of leukemia, 74 newly diagnosed cases of brain tumors, and 417 controls matched for age and sex.
Since the age of 16 all jobs that the subjects held for more than 6 months (a total of approximately 4,000 jobs) were coded for occupation and industry according the standard four-digit system used in Taiwan.
Matched-pair analyses comparing cases and controls among all jobs held by subjects and both parents using four-digit occupation and industry codes were performed. Also separate analyses were performed for parental jobs held during the preconception, perinatal, and postnatal periods. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for subject smoking, parental smoking, and exposure to medical radiation.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- wood treaters, building finishers and related trades workers, electronic parts and components manufacturing, textile and garment workers etc.
CANCER
- leukemia, brain tumors;
Based on the results certain industry and occupation four-digit codes were significantly associated with increased odds ratios of childhood tumors.
It was found that including work during any or all periods, leukemias were more common in children of fathers who had worked (1) as wood treaters (adjusted OR 16.03, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.77-145.5), and (2) as building finishers and related trades workers (adjusted OR 4.08, 95% CI = 1.12-14.8), whereas brain tumors were more common in children of mothers who had worked (1) in electronic parts and components manufacturing (adjusted OR 13.78, 95% CI = 1.47-129.0) and 2) as textile and garment workers (adjusted OR 7.25, 95% CI = 1.42-37.0), as well as in subjects who had worked with certain electronic parts and components (adjusted OR 28.67, 95% CI = 2.88-285.6).
The authors found that leukemias were more common in children of fathers who had worked in the preconception period (1) as wood treaters (adjusted OR 12.17, 95% CI = 1.36-109.2), (2) as building finishers and related trades workers (adjusted OR 4.08, 95% CI = 1.12-14.8), (3) as electronic equipment assemblers (adjusted OR 4.56, 95% CI = I 1.05-19.9), and (4) as certain other assemblers (adjusted OR 10.24, 95% CI = 1.02-102.6).
In addition, leukemias were more common in children of fathers who had worked in the perinatal period (1) as wood treaters (adjusted OR 13.08, 95% CI = 1.36-125.5) and (2) as building finishers and related trades workers (adjusted OR 4.51, 95% CI = 1.04-19.6).
It was also found that brain tumors were more common in children of mothers who had worked in the preconception period (1) in electronic parts and components manufacturing (adjusted OR 11.81, 95% CI = 1.20-116.3), and (2) as textile and garment workers (adjusted OR 7.25, 95% CI = 1.18-31.0).
NOTES
No notes
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129.
Peplonska B, Stewart P, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rusiecki J, Garcia-Closas M, Lissowska J, Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Zatonski W, Gromiec J, Brzeznicki S, Brinton LA, Blair A. Occupation and breast cancer risk in Polish women: a population-based case-control study. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Feb;50(2):97-111.
REFERENCE
Peplonska B, Stewart P, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rusiecki J, Garcia-Closas M, Lissowska J, Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Zatonski W, Gromiec J, Brzeznicki S, Brinton LA, Blair A. Occupation and breast cancer risk in Polish women: a population-based case-control study. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Feb;50(2):97-111.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
This study assessed the possible association between occupation and breast cancer risk in Polish women.
This study included 2,386 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2000-2003, and 2,502 controls. Lifetime occupational histories and information on other potential breast cancer risk factors were obtained through personal interviews. Conditional logistic regression analyses calculated odds ratios (ORs) associated with various occupations and industries after control for potential confounders.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- engineers, economists, sales occupations-retail and other sales occupations etc.
CANCER
- breast cancer;
The authors found statistically significant excesses of breast cancer among engineers (OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.0-3.8), economists (2.1; 1.1-3.8), sales occupations-retail (1.2; 1.0-1.5), and other sales occupations (1.2; 1.0-1.5).
Also based on the results, industries showing significantly elevated risks included special trade contractors (2.2; 1.2-4.3), electronic and electric equipment manufacturers (1.7; 1.1-2.7); and public administration/general government n.e.c. (2.7; 1.3-5.7). Each of these findings was supported by a statistically significant positive trend for duration of employment (P<0.05). In janitors and cleaners (0.7; 0.5-0.8) a decreased breast cancer risk was observed.
In this study the authors found few associations for breast cancer and occupations or industries. They conclude that the suggestive findings for the electronic and electric equipment manufacturing industry and for the occupations with potential exposure to magnetic fields deserve further evaluation.
NOTES
No notes
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130.
Sass-Kortsak AM, Purdham JT, Kreiger N, Darlington G, Lightfoot NE. Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Jul 9;50(8):568-576.
REFERENCE
Sass-Kortsak AM, Purdham JT, Kreiger N, Darlington G, Lightfoot NE. Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Jul 9;50(8):568-576.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- chromium, sunlight, PAH-air, workplace physical actvity, vibration
STUDY DESIGN
- case-control study (of men in Northeastern Ontario);
This population-based case-control study of men in Northeastern Ontario, Canada consisted of cases (n = 760) from the Ontario Cancer Registry, 50 to 84 years old, and diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1995 and 1998. Age-frequency matched controls (n = 1,632) were obtained from telephone listings.
Information on occupational history and self-reported exposures to a list of occupational hazards was collected. An occupational hygienist assessed exposures to these hazards.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- employment in trades, transport and equipment operators etc.
CANCER
-prostate cancer;
Based on the results of this study an odds ratio estimate (OR) of 1.21 (95 percent confidence interval (% CI) 1.01, 1.46) was found for employment in trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations, possibly related to exposure to whole-body vibration (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.07, 1.78).
The authors found for the highest quartile of lifetime cumulative workplace physical activity an OR of 1.33 (95% CI 1.02, 1.74). No statistically significant associations for any other occupational category or exposure were found.
The authors conclude that this study does not provide strong evidence for significant occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. However, whole-body vibration exposures, as well as physical activity, may be worth pursuing in future occupational studies.
NOTES
No notes
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131.
Pinar T, Akdur R, Tuncbilek A, Altundag K, Cengiz M. The relationship between occupations and head and neck cancers. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007 Jan;99(1):64, 68-71.
REFERENCE
Pinar T, Akdur R, Tuncbilek A, Altundag K, Cengiz M. The relationship between occupations and head and neck cancers. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007 Jan;99(1):64, 68-71.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- occupational agents (not specified), tobacco, alcohol
STUDY DESIGN
- case-control study;
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupation and head and neck cancers.
#206 Turkish patients with head and neck cancers comprised the case group in this case-control study and the control group consisted of 206 age- and sex-matched patients without malignant disease.
#A questionnaire regarding occupation; tobacco and alcohol consumption; educational status; and history of any systemic disease, benign head and neck disease, and cancer among family members was completed by all the patients. Jobs in the industries of construction, wood, mining, metal, chemistry and agriculture were considered as high-risk jobs.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- jobs in the industries of construction, wood, mining, metal, chemistry and agriculture etc.
CANCER
- head and neck cancers;
Based on the results of this study patients with head and neck cancers worked in high-risk occupations more frequently than did controls [odds ratio (OR): 3.42, p<0.05]. It was found that cancer risk decreased with the increase in time interval between quitting the high-risk job and time of interview. The authors found that smokers were at higher risk than nonsmokers (OR: 3.33, p<0.05). Also the risk was higher in patients who drank alcohol regularly (OR: 1.59, p<0.05). However, the authors found that occupation was an independent high-risk factor for head and neck cancers in regression analysis. Frequency of benign head and neck disease and family history of cancer were not significant risk factors (p>0.05).
The authors conclude that this analysis showed that occupation and smoking were significant independent risk factors for the development of head and neck cancers among workers.
NOTES
No notes
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132.
Krstev S, Dosemeci M, Lissowska J, Chow WH, Zatonski W, Ward MH. Occupation and risk of stomach cancer in Poland. Occup Environ Med. 2005 May;62(5):318-24.
REFERENCE
Krstev S, Dosemeci M, Lissowska J, Chow WH, Zatonski W, Ward MH. Occupation and risk of stomach cancer in Poland. Occup Environ Med. 2005 May;62(5):318-24.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- asbestos, metal dust, nitrosoamines etc.
STUDY DESIGN
- population based case-control study (of stomach cancer among men and women in Warsaw, Poland);
The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of stomach cancer by grouped occupations and industries, as well as by some specific occupational exposures.
In this study cases (n = 443) were newly diagnosed with stomach adenocarcinomas between 1994 and 1996, and controls (n = 479) were randomly selected from the general population in Warsaw.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- employment in the leather goods industry, special trade construction, metal fabrication, managers, governmental officials etc.
CANCER
- stomach cancer (in Poland);
Based on the results of this study only a few occupations and industries were associated with significantly increased risks of stomach cancer.
The most suggestive finding was for work in the leather goods industry.
Significantly increased risk was also found among men working in fabricated metal production and among women ever employed as managers and governmental officials.
Significantly decreased risks of stomach cancer was found among men ever employed as teaching professionals and women employed as technical and science professionals.
A significant positive trend in risk with duration of employment was observed among men for work in the leather industry and special trade construction. No significantly increased risks were observed for specific exposures assessed by a job-exposure matrix or by self-reports. However among men there were non-significantly increased risks with 10 or more years exposure to asbestos, metal dust, and nitrosamines assessed by a job-exposure matrix.
The authors concluded that employment in the leather goods industry, special trade construction, and metal fabrication was associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer among men. However, only weak associations with specific exposures were found. They suggest that occupational exposures do not contribute substantially to the high rates of stomach cancer in Poland.
NOTES
No notes
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133.
Roosli M, Lortscher M, Egger M, Pfluger D, Schreier N, Lortscher E, Locher P, Spoerri A, Minder C. Leukaemia, brain tumours and exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields: cohort study of Swiss railway employees. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Aug;64(8):553-9. Epub 2007 May 24.
REFERENCE
Roosli M, Lortscher M, Egger M, Pfluger D, Schreier N, Lortscher E, Locher P, Spoerri A, Minder C. Leukaemia, brain tumours and exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields: cohort study of Swiss railway employees. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Aug;64(8):553-9. Epub 2007 May 24.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF)
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study (of Swiss railway employees);
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure and mortality from leukaemia and brain tumour in a cohort of Swiss railway workers.
20,141 Swiss railway employees with 464,129 person-years of follow-up between 1972 and 2002 were studied. Mortality rates for leukaemia and brain tumour of highly exposed train drivers (21 muT average annual exposure) were compared with medium and low exposed occupational groups (i.e. station masters with an average exposure of 1 muT) and individual cumulative exposure was calculated from on-site measurements and modelling of past exposures.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- Swiss railway employees
CANCER
- leukaemia, brain tumours;
It was found that the hazard ratio (HR) for leukaemia mortality of train drivers was 1.43 (95% CI 0.74 to 2.77) compared with station masters.
Based on the results for myeloid leukaemia the HR of train drivers was 4.74 (95% CI 1.04 to 21.60) and for Hodgkin´s disease 3.29 (95% CI 0.69 to 15.63). Lymphoid leukaemia, non-Hodgkin´s disease and brain tumour mortality were not associated with magnetic field exposure. Concordant results were obtained from analyses based on individual cumulative exposure.
The authors conclude that some evidence of an exposure-response association was found for myeloid leukaemia and Hodgkin´s disease, but not for other haematopoietic and lymphatic malignancies and brain tumours.
NOTES
No notes
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134.
Brophy JT, Keith MM, Gorey KM, Laukkanen E, Luginaah I, Abu-Zahra H, Watterson AE, Hellyer DJ, Reinhartz A, Park RM. Cancer and construction: what occupational histories in a Canadian community reveal. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2007 Jan-Mar;13(1):32-8.
REFERENCE
Brophy JT, Keith MM, Gorey KM, Laukkanen E, Luginaah I, Abu-Zahra H, Watterson AE, Hellyer DJ, Reinhartz A, Park RM. Cancer and construction: what occupational histories in a Canadian community reveal. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2007 Jan-Mar;13(1):32-8.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study; (population- based study);
From 2000 to 2002, male patients at a Canadian cancer treatment center with new-incident head-and-neck or esophageal cancers were invited to participate in a population-based study.
The study population consisted of 87 cases and 172 controls. A lifetime-history questionnaire was administered. For occupational groups with a minimum of five cases odds ratios (ORs) were calculated, adjusted for duration of employment, age, smoking, alcohol, education, and income.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- construction workers (also the following occupational groups were listed: agriculture;white collar, clerical, financial, office; manufacturing and utilities managers; food and beverage, hospitality, casino; vehicle assembly, mechanics, millwrights; metal fabricators, machinists, tool and die; retail, wholesale)
CANCER
- head-and-neck cancers, esophageal cancers;
Based on the results a significantly increased risk was shown for construction workers (OR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.25-3.91). The authors suggest that this investigation of a set of rare cancers over a limited time period demonstrates the feasibility of this research approach. They also recommend that the increased risk among construction workers supports the need for more comprehensive study of exposures in this occupational group.
NOTES
No notes
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135.
Hakansson N, Stenlund C, Gustavsson P, Johansen C, Floderus B. Arc and resistance welding and tumours of the endocrine glands: a Swedish case-control study with focus on extremely low frequency magnetic fields. Occup Environ Med. 2005 May;62(5):304-8.
REFERENCE
Hakansson N, Stenlund C, Gustavsson P, Johansen C, Floderus B. Arc and resistance welding and tumours of the endocrine glands: a Swedish case-control study with focus on extremely low frequency magnetic fields. Occup Environ Med. 2005 May;62(5):304-8.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- arc and resistance welding
- extremely low frequency magnetic fields
STUDY DESIGN
- case-control study;
The aim of this study was to analyse occupational exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields from welding, and tumours of the endocrine glands.
This case-control study was based on a cohort with an increased prevalence of high exposed individuals. A total of 174 incident cases of tumours of the endocrine glands, 1985-94, were identified and data were obtained from 140 (80%) of these cases; 1692 controls frequency matched on sex and age were selected, and information on 1306 (77%) individuals was obtained. To a work administrator at the workplaces of the cases and controls a short questionnaire was sent. The exposure assessment was based on questions concerning job tasks, exposure to different types of welding, and exposure to solvents.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers involved with arc and resistance welding
CANCER
- tumours of the endocrine glands;
Based on the results there was an overall increased risk for all tumours of the endocrine glands for individuals who had been welding sometime during the follow up. It was found that the increased risk was attributable to arc welding; for resistance welding there was no clear evidence of an association. The authors found an increased risk for the adrenal glands in relation to arc welding, and for the parathyroid glands in relation to both arc welding and resistance welding. Also an imprecise increase in risk was noted for tumours of the pituitary gland for arc welding. No confounding effect was found for solvent exposure, and there was no sign of biological interaction.
The authors conclude that the increased risks of endocrine gland tumours related to welding might be explained by exposure to high levels of ELF magnetic fields.
NOTES
No notes
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136.
Gaertner RR, Trpeski L, Johnson KC. A case-control study of occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in Canada. Cancer Causes Control. 2004 Dec;15(10):1007-19.
REFERENCE
Gaertner RR, Trpeski L, Johnson KC. A case-control study of occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in Canada. Cancer Causes Control. 2004 Dec;15(10):1007-19.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this study was to investigate occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in seven Canadian provinces.
A population-based case-control dataset of 887 individuals with incident, histologically confirmed bladder cancer between 1994 and 1997 was analysed. Controls (2847) frequency matched for age and gender were surveyed in 1996. About 60% of subjects returned the questionnaires. Odds ratios (ORs) for occupations and self-reported exposures were adjusted for province, age, race, smoking, and several dietary factors, using unconditional logistic regression.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- hairdressers, primary metal workers, miners, automechanics, government inspectors, printers, firefighters, general labourers, welders, government inspectors, general labourers, lumber processors, nurses, general clerks etc.
CANCER
- bladder cancer;
Based on the results of this study statistically significant increased risks were observed among men employed as hairdressers (OR = 3.42; 1.09-10.8), primary metal workers (OR = 2.40; 1.29-4.50), miners (OR = 1.94; 1.18-3.17), and automechanics (OR = 1.69; 1.02-2.82).
Automechanics and primary metal workers showed evidence of an employment duration-response trend. Modest elevated risks that were not significant were also observed for male government inspectors, printers, firefighters, general labourers, and welders. A duration-response trend was found for government inspectors and general labourers. Based on the results for females, significant elevations were observed among lumber processors (OR = 8.78; 1.28-60.1), general labourers (OR = 2.18; 1.05-4.52), nurses (OR = 1.54; 1.03-2.31), and general clerks (OR = 1.48; 1.01-2.17). The latter showed a positive duration-response trend.
The authors conclude that this study found a statistically significant excess risk of bladder cancer, with a duration-response trend, among male primary metal workers and automechanics, and female office workers engaged in general clerical duties.
NOTES
No notes
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137.
Chen W, Yang J, Chen J, Bruch J. Exposures to silica mixed dust and cohort mortality study in tin mines: exposure-response analysis and risk assessment of lung cancer. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Feb;49(2):67-76.
REFERENCE
Chen W, Yang J, Chen J, Bruch J. Exposures to silica mixed dust and cohort mortality study in tin mines: exposure-response analysis and risk assessment of lung cancer. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Feb;49(2):67-76.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- silica mixed dust
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort mortality study;
The aim of this study was to investigate the health impacts on workers with silica mixed dust exposure in tin mines and dose-response relationships between cumulative dust exposure and the mortality from lung cancer.
For this study a cohort of 7,837 workers registered in the employment records in 4 Chinese tin mines between 1972 and 1974 was identified and the mortality follow-up was traced through 1994.
Of the cohort, the cause of death was ascertained for 1,061 (97%) of the 1,094 deceased workers. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for all workers, non-exposed workers, and dust-exposed workers with different exposure levels, silicotics, and non-silicotics based on Chinese national rates.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers with silica mixed dust exposure in tin mines
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on the results the mortality from all causes in four tin mines was nearly the same as the national mortality. 68.6% of all deaths accounted for malignant neoplasm, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease.
Mortality excess from lung cancer, liver cancer, all malignant diseases, and non-malignant respiratory diseases was observed among dust-exposed workers; a 50-fold excess of pneumoconiosis was observed. There was an upward trend for SMRs of lung cancer was noted from no exposure to low, medium, and high exposure levels (SMRs=1.29, 2.65, 2.66, 3.33). The shape of the exposure-response curve for risk of lung cancer at high exposure levels was inconsistent in these four mines.
The authors conclude that the findings indicated a positive dose-response relation between exposure to cumulative dust and the mortality of lung cancer. They also suggest that high arsenic content in dust particles, together with crystalline silica, may play an important role in causing increased mortality from lung cancer.
NOTES
No notes
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138.
Marehbian J, Colt JS, Baris D, Stewart P, Stukel TA, Spencer SK, Karagas MR. Occupation and keratinocyte cancer risk: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Jul 19; ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Marehbian J, Colt JS, Baris D, Stewart P, Stukel TA, Spencer SK, Karagas MR. Occupation and keratinocyte cancer risk: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Jul 19; ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a population-based case-control study;
The aim of this study was to identify occupations associated with increased risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
A population-based case-control study of BCC and SCC in New Hampshire was conducted. Cases (n = 599 BCC, n = 290 SCC) and controls (n = 524) completed a self-administered residence and work history questionnaire and personal interview regarding major risk factors for skin cancer.
Reported jobs were coded using the Standardized Occupational Classification system (SOC). Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for BCC and SCC were calculated for men and women separately using unconditional logistic regression models taking into account age, education, skin reaction to sun, history of painful sunburns, time spent outdoors, and for SCC, smoking.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- groundskeepers and gardeners, garage and service station-related occupations, food/beverage preparation/service occupations, health services occupations, administrative support (SOC 46/47) occupations etc.
CANCER
- keratinocyte cancer; basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC);
The authors observed among men, elevated risks of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm (SOC 5622). They also found that garage and service station-related occupations (SOCs 873) and to some extent food/beverage preparation/service occupations (SOC 521) were associated with BCC risk among men.
Elevated risks for both tumors, especially for BCC was observed among women in health services occupations (SOC 523). Additionally, administrative support (SOC 46/47) occupations were related to basal cell carcinoma (BCC) risk among women. Other occupations were associated with excess risks, but without consistent trends by duration of employment.
Based on the results of this study several occupations associated with elevated BCC and SCC risk were observed. (The results resemble reported findings for cutaneous melanoma and are generally consistent with the few available studies on keratinocyte cancers).
NOTES
No notes
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139.
Klaeboe L, Blaasaas KG, Haldorsen T, Tynes T. Residential and occupational exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields and brain tumours in Norway: a population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2005 May 20;115(1):137-41.
REFERENCE
Klaeboe L, Blaasaas KG, Haldorsen T, Tynes T. Residential and occupational exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields and brain tumours in Norway: a population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2005 May 20;115(1):137-41.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- residential and occupational exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields
STUDY DESIGN
- a population-based study;
The aim of this case-control study was to investigate whether residential and occupational exposure to magnetic fields increased the risk for brain tumours in adults.
The study population in this nested case-control study consisted of subjects aged 16 years and older who had resided in a broad corridor around a high-voltage power line in 1980 or during one of the years from 1986-1996.
The cases were incident cases diagnosed during 1980-96. To each case two controls were matched by year of birth, sex, municipality and first year entering the cohort.
The time-weighted average exposure to residential magnetic fields generated by the power lines was calculated for the exposure follow-up from 1 January 1967 to diagnosis and job titles and branches of industry were classified as categories of hours per week in a magnetic field above background level (0.1 microT).
Exposures were cumulated over occupationally active years for the exposure follow-up from 1 January 1955 to diagnosis.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- brain tumours;
When residential magnetic fields are evaluated, the 2 upper residential, time-weighted, average magnetic field categories showed elevated odds ratios (ORs) for all brain tumours (OR = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.9-2.7 and OR = 1.3; 95% CI 0.7-2.3). Occupational exposure showed no association to exposure for any site.
The authors found an elevated risk for residential exposure to magnetic fields and brain tumours, although the risk was not significant, and no clear exposure-response pattern was found. The findings for the occupational exposure groups showed an inverse association.
NOTES
No notes
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140.
Karipidis KK, Benke G, Sim MR, Yost M, Giles G. Occupational exposure to low frequency magnetic fields and the risk of low grade and high grade glioma. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Apr;18(3):305-13. Epub 2007 Jan 27.
REFERENCE
Karipidis KK, Benke G, Sim MR, Yost M, Giles G. Occupational exposure to low frequency magnetic fields and the risk of low grade and high grade glioma. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Apr;18(3):305-13. Epub 2007 Jan 27.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- low frequency magnetic fields
STUDY DESIGN
- population-based case control study;
The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between occupational exposure to low frequency magnetic fields and the risk of low grade glioma (LGG) and high grade glioma (HGG).
The study population of this case control study consisted of 414 histologically confirmed cases of glioma (LGG=110, HGG=304), first diagnosed between July 1987 and December 1991, and 421 controls from Melbourne, Australia, matched by age, sex and postcode of residence. For each subject a detailed occupational history was obtained. Three different methods were used for estimating the exposure to low frequency magnetic fields: self-report, expert hygienist review and a job exposure matrix (JEM).
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- low grade glioma (LGG), high grade glioma (HGG);
As a result elevated but statistically non-significant risk estimates were found for all glioma and high grade glioma (HGG) when exposure was assessed by the expert hygienist. It was also found that the odds ratios (OR) for the highest exposed group of workers when assessed by the expert hygienist were 1.4 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.85-2.27) and 1.51 (95% CI: 0.90-2.53) for all glioma and HGG, respectively. There were inverse associations for the self-reported and JEM exposures for both LGG and HGG but these may reflect limitations in these exposure assessment methods.
The results of this study do not support a role for occupational exposure to low frequency magnetic fields in the development of either low grade glioma (LGG) or high grade glioma (HGG).
NOTES
No notes
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141.
Provost D, Cantagrel A, Lebailly P, Jaffre A, Loyant V, Loiseau H, Vital A, Brochard P, Baldi I. Brain tumours and exposure to pesticides: a case-control study in southwestern France. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Aug;64(8):509-14. Epub 2007 May 30.
REFERENCE
Provost D, Cantagrel A, Lebailly P, Jaffre A, Loyant V, Loiseau H, Vital A, Brochard P, Baldi I. Brain tumours and exposure to pesticides: a case-control study in southwestern France. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Aug;64(8):509-14. Epub 2007 May 30.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- exposure to pesticides
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study (in southwestern France);
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to pesticides and brain tumours in adults in a population-based case-control study in southwestern France.
For this study between May 1999 and April 2001, 221 incident cases of brain tumours and 442 individually matched controls selected from the general population were enrolled. Histories of occupational and environmental exposures, medical and lifestyle information were collected. Based on expert review of lifelong jobs and tasks a cumulative index of occupational exposure to pesticides was created. For gliomas and meningiomas separate analyses were performed.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- brain tumours;
Based on the results a non-statistically significant increase in risk was found for brain tumours when all types of occupational exposure to pesticides were considered (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.91) and slightly higher but still non-statistically significant when gliomas were considered separately (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.66). In the highest quartile of the cumulative index, a significant association was found for brain tumours (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.23) and for gliomas (OR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.13 to 9.11), but not for meningiomas. Also a significant increase in risk was seen for the treatment of home plants (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.30) owing to environmental exposure to pesticides.
The results of this study suggest that a high level of occupational exposure to pesticides might be associated with an excess risk of brain tumours, and especially of gliomas.
NOTES
No notes
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142.
De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Ronco A, Gutierrez LP. Occupational exposures and risk of adenocarcinoma of the lung in Uruguay. Cancer Causes Control. 2005 Sep;16(7):851-6.
REFERENCE
De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Ronco A, Gutierrez LP. Occupational exposures and risk of adenocarcinoma of the lung in Uruguay. Cancer Causes Control. 2005 Sep;16(7):851-6.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- wood dust, asbestos, silica dust, gasoline, strong acids, formaldehyde
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this study was to investigate occupational risks of lung adenocarcinoma in Uruguay and to confirm a previously reported increased risk among butchers.
A case-control study among men in four major hospitals in Montevideo, based on interviews to 338 cases of lung adenocarcinoma and 1014 hospital-based controls was conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) of lung adenocarcinoma for employment in 22 jobs, after adjustment for tobacco smoking and other potential confounders, were calculated.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- farmer, tractor driver, painter and medical worker, mason, glass worker or textile worker, butcher etc.
CANCER
- adenocarcinoma of the lung (in Uruguay);
Based on the results the OR was increased for employment as farmer, tractor driver, painter and medical worker, but no trend was suggested for duration of employment.
It was found that long-term employment as mason, glass worker or textile worker resulted in an increased OR. The OR for employment as butcher was 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.7-2.1). The OR increased with increasing duration of self-reported exposure to formaldehyde.
The authors conclude that occupational exposures seem to play a limited role in causing lung adenocarcinoma among men in Uruguay. Employment as butcher was not confirmed as an important risk factor.
NOTES
-
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143.
Bonneterre V, Deschamps E, Persoons R, Bernardet C, Liaudy S, Maitre A, de Gaudemaris R. Sino-nasal cancer and exposure to leather dust. Occup Med (Lond). 2007 Jun 24; ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Bonneterre V, Deschamps E, Persoons R, Bernardet C, Liaudy S, Maitre A, de Gaudemaris R. Sino-nasal cancer and exposure to leather dust. Occup Med (Lond). 2007 Jun 24; ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- leather dust
STUDY DESIGN
- literature review;
The aim of this study was to improve the medical, technical and social management of cancer in the shoe trades.
Two independent experts conducted a literature review to identify articles describing epidemiological studies of this link.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- those working in shoe trade (those working in shining, finishing and shoe repair etc.)
CANCER
- sino-nasal cancer;
The outcome of the search was 14 studies, including one meta-analysis of case-control studies: four out of five of the case-control studies found an excess risk associated with exposure to leather dust. Of five cohort mortality studies, excess risk was found in all studies conducted in the shoe trades but not in the tanning industry. The four studies of the incidence of sino-nasal cancer confirm the excess risk in shoemaking.
Based on this study in the shoe trades, there is an excess risk of sino-nasal cancer, especially among those working in shining, finishing and shoe repair. Depending on the specific job incidence levels among employees are estimated at 1-7/100 000. For this cancer in France the risk fraction which can be attributed to this type of exposure is estimated at 3%. The authors suggest that in the light of these findings, all involved should be made aware of the link and motivated (as has already been done in the wood industries) to get this occupational disease recognized as such for the shoe trades.
NOTES
No notes
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144.
Zhao Y, Krishnadasan A, Kennedy N, Morgenstern H, Ritz B. Estimated effects of solvents and mineral oils on cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of aerospace workers. Am J Ind Med. 2005 Oct;48(4):249-58.
REFERENCE
Zhao Y, Krishnadasan A, Kennedy N, Morgenstern H, Ritz B. Estimated effects of solvents and mineral oils on cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of aerospace workers. Am J Ind Med. 2005 Oct;48(4):249-58.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- solvents and mineral oils (including trichloroethylene (TCE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mineral oils, and benzene)
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
A job exposure matrix (JEM) was employed to assess exposures to known or suspected carcinogens-including trichloroethylene (TCE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mineral oils, and benzene-on cancer mortality (1960-2001) and incidence (1988-2000) in 6,107 male workers. Rate- (hazard-) ratios estimates were derived from Cox proportional hazard models with time-dependent exposures.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- aerospace workers
CANCER
- bladder, kidney, lung cancer, melanoma, esophageal and stomach cancers, non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma and leukemia;
Based on the results high levels of TCE exposure were positively associated with cancer incidence of the bladder (rate ratio (RR): 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-4.22) and kidney (4.90; 1.23-19.6). It was also found that high levels of exposure to mineral oils increased mortality and incidence of lung cancer (1.56; 1.02-2.39 and 1.99; 1.03-3.85), and incidence of melanoma (3.32; 1.20-9.24). Also mineral oil exposures contributed to incidence and mortality of esophageal and stomach cancers and of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma and leukemia when adjusting for other chemical exposures. Lagging exposure measures by 20 years changed effect estimates only minimally. In this cohort no associations were observed for benzene or PAH exposures.
The authors conclude that their findings suggest that these aerospace workers who were highly exposed to mineral oils experienced an increased risk of developing and/or dying from cancers of the lung, melanoma, and possibly from cancers of the esophagus and stomach and non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma and leukemia.
NOTES
No notes
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145.
Gun RT, Pratt N, Ryan P, Roder D. Update of mortality and cancer incidence in the Australian petroleum industry cohort. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Jul;63(7):476-81. Epub 2006 May 12.
REFERENCE
Gun RT, Pratt N, Ryan P, Roder D. Update of mortality and cancer incidence in the Australian petroleum industry cohort. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Jul;63(7):476-81. Epub 2006 May 12.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study (update);
The aim of this study was to update the analysis of the cohort mortality and cancer incidence study of employees in the Australian petroleum industry.
Employees were enrolled in the cohort in four industry-wide surveys between 1981 and 1999. Mortality of 16,547 males and 1356 females was determined up to 31 December 2001. Cancer incidence was determined up to 31 December 2000. Cause specific mortality and cancer incidence were compared with those of the Australian population (by means of standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs)).
In this study associations between increased incidence of specific cancers and employment in the petroleum industry were tested by trends according to period of first employment, duration of employment, latency, and hydrocarbon exposure, adjusting for personal smoking history where appropriate.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- employees of Australian Institute of Petroleum member companies, (employees of petroleum industry, employees in the Australian petroleum industry)
CANCER
- mesothelioma, melanoma, prostate cancer, leukaemias and acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL), kidney cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer;
It was found that there was a significant elevation of the incidence of mesothelioma (SIR 1.77, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.79), melanoma (SIR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.58), and prostate cancer (SIR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34). It was also found that the SIRs of all leukaemias and of acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) were not significantly different from unity, but all 11 ANLL cases were clustered in the middle to high hydrocarbon exposure categories. Based on the results the tanker drivers had a significantly elevated incidence of kidney cancer (12 cases v 5.84 expected, SIR 2.05, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.59). Lung cancer incidence was significantly reduced (SIR 0.69, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.83)
The authors conclude that most cases of mesothelioma are probably related to past exposure to asbestos in refineries. No occupational cause has been identified for the excess of melanoma, or prostatic or bladder cancer. The authors also suggest that the possibility of a causal relationship between cancer of the kidney and hydrocarbon exposure warrants further study. It is uncertain whether benzene exposures, particularly past levels of exposure, have been high enough to cause ANLL.
NOTES
No notes
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146.
Sung TI, Chen PC, Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee L, Lin YP, Hsieh GY, Wang JD. Increased standardized incidence ratio of breast cancer in female electronics workers. BMC Public Health. 2007 Jun 8;7:102. epublish.
REFERENCE
Sung TI, Chen PC, Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee L, Lin YP, Hsieh GY, Wang JD. Increased standardized incidence ratio of breast cancer in female electronics workers. BMC Public Health. 2007 Jun 8;7:102. epublish.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- trichloroethylene and/or mixture of solvents
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to determine if there was any increased risk of breast cancer among female electronics workers in a 23-year follow-up period.
63,982 female workers were retrospectively recruited from the database of the Bureau of Labor Insurance (BLI) covering the period 1973-1997; the data were then linked with data, up to 2001, from the National Cancer Registry at the Taiwanese Department of Health, from which standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for different types of cancer were calculated as compared to the general population.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- female electronics workers
CANCER
- breast cancer;
The authors found a total of 286 cases of breast cancer, and after adjustment for calendar year and age, the SIR was close to 1. When stratified by the year 1974 (the year in which the regulations on solvent use were promulgated), the SIR of the cohort of workers first employed prior to 1974 increased to 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.70).
No such trend was discernible for workers employed after 1974.
There was a further increase in the SIR for breast cancer, to 1.62 when 10 years of employment was considered. It was found that those workers with breast cancer who were first employed prior to 1974 were employed at a younger age and for a longer period. Previous qualitative studies of interviews with the workers, corroborated by inspection records, showed a short-term high exposure to chlorinated alkanes and alkenes, particularly trichloroethylene before 1974. There were no similar findings on other types of cancer.
The authors conclude that female workers with exposure to trichloroethylene and/or mixture of solvents, first employed prior to 1974, may have an excess risk of breast cancer.
NOTES
No notes
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147.
Carel R, Olsson AC, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rudnai P, Lissowska J, Fabianova E, Cassidy A, Mates D, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Fevotte J, Fletcher T, Mannetje AT, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Occupational exposure to asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres and risk of lung cancer: a multicenter case-control study in Europe. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Oct 19; ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Carel R, Olsson AC, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rudnai P, Lissowska J, Fabianova E, Cassidy A, Mates D, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Fevotte J, Fletcher T, Mannetje AT, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Occupational exposure to asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres and risk of lung cancer: a multicenter case-control study in Europe. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Oct 19; ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF)
STUDY DESIGN
- a multicenter case-control study (in Europe);
The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of occupational exposure to asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) to lung cancer in high-risk populations in Europe.
This study was conducted in six Central and Eastern European countries and the UK, during the period 1998-2002. From 2205 newly diagnosed male lung cancer cases and 2305 frequency matched controls comprehensive occupational and socio-demographic information was collected. For this study odds ratios (OR) of lung cancer were calculated after adjusting for other relevant occupational exposures and tobacco smoking.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- lung cancer
Based on the results of this large community-based study occupational exposure to asbestos and MMVF does not appear to contribute to the lung cancer burden in men in Central and Eastern Europe. In contrast, in the UK the authors found an increased risk of lung cancer following exposure to asbestos. Differences in fibre type and circumstances exposure may explain the results.
NOTES
No notes
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148.
Sponsiello-Wang Z, Sanders E, Weitkunat R. Occupational acrylonitrile exposure and lung cancer: a meta-analysis. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2006;24(2):257-84.
REFERENCE
Sponsiello-Wang Z, Sanders E, Weitkunat R. Occupational acrylonitrile exposure and lung cancer: a meta-analysis. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2006;24(2):257-84.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- occupational acrylonitrile exposure
STUDY DESIGN
- a meta-analysis;
The aim of this study was to estimate the association of acrylonitrile exposure and lung cancer by using meta-analytical methods.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- lung cancer;
As a conclusion a 25% increase in lung cancer risk attributable to occupational acrylonitrile exposure is suggested. Anyhow possible contribution of smoking confounding the increased risk cannot be fully excluded.
NOTES
No notes
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149.
Wing, S, Richardson DB. Age at exposure to ionising radiation and cancer mortality among Hanford workers: follow up through 1994. Occup Environ Med. 2005 Jul;62(7):465-72.
REFERENCE
Wing, S, Richardson DB. Age at exposure to ionising radiation and cancer mortality among Hanford workers: follow up through 1994. Occup Environ Med. 2005 Jul;62(7):465-72.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- ionising radiation
STUDY DESIGN
-a follow-up study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of age at exposure on radiation risk estimates in an updated follow up of Hanford workers.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers at the plutonium production factory
CANCER
- lung cancer;
The authors conclude that associations between radiation and cancer mortality in this cohort are primarily a function of doses at older ages and deaths from lung cancer.
NOTES
No notes
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150.
Richardson DB, Wing S. Lung cancer mortality among workers at a nuclear materials fabrication plant. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Feb;49(2):102-11.
REFERENCE
Richardson DB, Wing S. Lung cancer mortality among workers at a nuclear materials fabrication plant. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Feb;49(2):102-11.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- radiation;
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
The aim of this study was to investigate whether lung cancer mortality was associated with occupational radiation exposures.
The cohort consisted of 3,864 workers at a nuclear materials fabrication plant hired between 1947 and 1974 and who had been monitored for internal radiation exposure. Their vital status was ascertained through 1990.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers at a nuclear materials fabrication plant
CANCER
- lung cancer;
The authors suggest that there is evidence of a positive association between cumulative external radiation dose and lung cancer mortality in this population. Anyhow a causal interpretation of this association is constrained by the uncertainties in external and internal radiation dose estimates, the lack of information about exposures to other lung carcinogens, and the limited statistical power of the study.
NOTES
No notes
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151.
Ritz B, Zhao Y, Krishnadasan A, Kennedy N, Morgenstern H. Estimated effects of hydrazine exposure on cancer incidence and mortality in aerospace workers. Epidemiology. 2006 Mar;17(2):154-61.
REFERENCE
Ritz B, Zhao Y, Krishnadasan A, Kennedy N, Morgenstern H. Estimated effects of hydrazine exposure on cancer incidence and mortality in aerospace workers. Epidemiology. 2006 Mar;17(2):154-61.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- hydrazine
STUDY DESIGN
- a retrospective cohort study (of aerospace workers engaged in rocket engine testing operations at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory in Los Angeles County);
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- aerospace workers (engaged in rocket engine testing operations)
CANCER
- various cancers were listed;
The results of this study suggest that exposure to hydrazine increases the risk of incident lung cancers. The authors also found, for the first time, an increased risk of colon cancers. However the results for other cancer sites are inconclusive.
NOTES
No notes
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152.
Merletti F, Richiardi L, Bertoni F, Ahrens W, Buemi A, Costa-Santos C, Eriksson M, Guenel P, Kaerlev L, Jöckel KH, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Merler E, Miranda A, Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Olsson H, Fletcher T, Olsen J. Occupational factors and risk of adult bone sarcomas: a multicentric case-control study in Europe. Int J Cancer. 2006 Feb 1;118(3):721-7.
REFERENCE
Merletti F, Richiardi L, Bertoni F, Ahrens W, Buemi A, Costa-Santos C, Eriksson M, Guenel P, Kaerlev L, Jöckel KH, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Merler E, Miranda A, Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Olsson H, Fletcher T, Olsen J. Occupational factors and risk of adult bone sarcomas: a multicentric case-control study in Europe. Int J Cancer. 2006 Feb 1;118(3):721-7.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a multicentric case-control study (in Europe);
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between occupational factors and risk of bone sarcoma, a rare tumor with a largely unknown aetiology.
This multicentric case-control study was conducted in 7 European countries in 1995-97. In this study ninety-six cases aged 35-69 years with a centrally reviewed diagnosis of bone sarcoma (68 chondrosarcomas and 28 osteosarcomas) were compared to 2,632 population (68%) or colon cancer (32%) controls. Information on occupational, medical and reproductive history, smoking and alcohol consumption and selected exposures including use of pesticides were obtained by interviewing the subjects.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- blacksmiths, toolmakers, machine-tool operators, woodworkers, construction workers; ever users of pesticide etc.
CANCER
- bone sarcoma;
The authors found an increased odds ratios (OR) for bone sarcoma among blacksmiths, toolmakers, machine-tool operators (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.08-4.26), woodworkers (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.36-5.29) and construction workers (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 0.92-2.87). They also found that ever users of pesticide had an OR of 2.33 (95% CI 1.31-4.13), with similar risks for exposure to insecticides and exposure to herbicides.
Based on the results neither duration of employment in any of the analyzed occupational categories nor duration of use of pesticides showed an increasing trend in the risk of bone sarcoma. ORs of bone sarcoma were 1.03 (95% CI 0.23-4.57), 3.13 (95% CI 1.26-7.76) and 1.44 (95% CI 0.43-4.85) for the first, second and third tertile of days of use of pesticides.
The authors conclude that this study suggests that novel and previously reported (woodworking) occupational factors play a role in the aetiology of bone sarcomas.
NOTES
No notes
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153.
Besson H, Banks R, Boffetta P. Cancer mortality among butchers: a 24-state death certificate study. J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Mar;48(3):289-93.
REFERENCE
Besson H, Banks R, Boffetta P. Cancer mortality among butchers: a 24-state death certificate study. J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Mar;48(3):289-93.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a 24-state death certificate study;
The aim of this study was to document cancer mortality among American butchers.
To calculate mortality odds ratios (ORs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) for 18,639 butchers death certificates were collected in 24 American states.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- butcher
CANCER
- cancer of the oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx, larynx; melanoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; breast cancer;
It was found that butchers experienced an increased mortality of cancer of the oral cavity (OR, 1.40; 95% CI = 1.09-1.81), esophagus (OR, 1.19; 95% CI = 1.01-1.40), pharynx (OR, 1.22; 95% CI = 0.91-1.64), and larynx (OR, 1.19; 95% CI = 0.92-1.54), as well as a reduced mortality from melanoma (OR, 0.70; 95% CI = 0.52-0.94), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR, 0.82; 95% CI = 0.69-0.97), and breast cancer (OR, 0.76; 95% CI = 0.58-0.99).
Based on this study it is likely that occupational exposures experienced by butchers have contributed to the increased risk of cancers of the oral cavity and esophagus.
NOTES
No notes
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154.
Durusoy R, Boffetta P, Mannetje A, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rudnai P, Lissowska J, Fabianova E, Cassidy A, Mates D, Bencko V, Salajka F, Janout V, Fevotte J, Fletcher T, Brennan P. Lung cancer risk and occupational exposure to meat and live animals. Int J Cancer. 2006 May 15;118(10):2543-7.
REFERENCE
Durusoy R, Boffetta P, Mannetje A, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rudnai P, Lissowska J, Fabianova E, Cassidy A, Mates D, Bencko V, Salajka F, Janout V, Fevotte J, Fletcher T, Brennan P. Lung cancer risk and occupational exposure to meat and live animals. Int J Cancer. 2006 May 15;118(10):2543-7.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- occupational exposure to meat aerosols and live animals
STUDY DESIGN
- a large case-control study;
The aim of this study was to investigate whether exposures to small meat particles (or meat aerosols) and live animals caused an increased risk of lung cancer.
The study population consisted of more than 5,900 subjects from 7 European countries. For each job local experts were employed. They assessed the exposure to a number of occupational agents, including (i) meat aerosols and (ii) live animals, on the basis of detailed occupational questionnaires. Also information on tobacco consumption and other risk factors was collected.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- occupations with exposure to meat and live animals etc.
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on the results a small increased risk of lung cancer was observed with exposure to meat aerosols, after adjusting for smoking, (odds ratio (OR)=1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92, 1.75), which was most apparent for the upper tertile of cumulative exposure (OR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.92). Also a similar overall effect was observed for exposure to live animals, with an increased risk observed for a high frequency of exposure, (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.36) and a high intensity of exposure, (OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.94), with significant trends for increasing frequency (p=0.012), intensity (p=0.015) and cumulative exposure (p=0.024).
The authors conclude that this study provides evidence for an association between exposure to meat aerosols and lung cancer apparent in the highest tertile of exposure. They also identified a more consistent association with exposure to live animals.
NOTES
No notes
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155.
Svec MA, Ward MH, Dosemeci M, Checkoway H, De Roos AJ. Risk of lymphatic or haematopoietic cancer mortality with occupational exposure to animals or the public. Occup Environ Med. 2005 Oct;62(10):726-35.
REFERENCE
Svec MA, Ward MH, Dosemeci M, Checkoway H, De Roos AJ. Risk of lymphatic or haematopoietic cancer mortality with occupational exposure to animals or the public. Occup Environ Med. 2005 Oct;62(10):726-35.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- animals or the public
STUDY DESIGN
- a population based case-control study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of mortality from lymphohaematopoietic (LH) neoplasms associated with occupational exposure to animals or the public. A population based, case-control study of death certificate data from 1984 to 1998 in 24 US states was conducted.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- occupations with occupational exposure to animals or the public
CANCER
- lymphohaematopoietic (LH) cancers;
As a conclusion increased risks of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin´s disease (HD), multiple myeloma, and leukaemia were associated with occupations that involved animal exposure. The authors suggest that regional differences in risk imply that the risks may be associated with exposure to specific livestock or farming practices. Anyhow, these associations may be confounded by other farming related exposures, such as pesticides. The authors also suggest that because the use of death certificates to classify occupation may result in misclassification during aetiologically relevant time periods, these hypotheses should be further explored in studies with detailed information on lifetime occupation.
NOTES
No notes
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156.
Prince MM, Hein MJ, Ruder AM, Waters MA, Laber PA, Whelan EA. Update: cohort mortality study of workers highly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during the manufacture of electrical capacitors, 1940-1998. Environ Health. 2006 May 22;5:13. epublished.
REFERENCE
Prince MM, Hein MJ, Ruder AM, Waters MA, Laber PA, Whelan EA. Update: cohort mortality study of workers highly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during the manufacture of electrical capacitors, 1940-1998. Environ Health. 2006 May 22;5:13. epublished.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort mortality study (update);
The aim of this study was to update the mortality experience of a cohort of electrical capacitor manufacturing workers considered highly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and to re-examine the increased risks for mortality from some cancers previously observed.
For 2572 workers mortality was updated through 1998. Age-, gender-, race- and calendar year- adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Duration of employment was used as a surrogate for exposure.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- electrical capacitor manufacturing workers considered highly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
CANCER
- various kinds of cancers were examined
According to the results of this update it was found that the earlier reported excess in this cohort for biliary, liver and gall bladder cancer persisted with longer follow-up.
Among women excess mortality for intestinal cancer was elevated across categories of duration of employment: myeloma mortality was highest among those working 10 years or more.
The small numbers of deaths from liver and intestinal cancers, myeloma and nervous system diseases coupled with the lack of an exposure-response relationship with duration of employment prevents drawing definitive conclusions regarding PCB exposure and these causes of death.
NOTES
No notes
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157.
Malloy EJ, Miller KL, Eisen EA. Rectal cancer and exposure to metalworking fluids in the automobile manufacturing industry. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Apr;64(4):244-9. Epub 2006 Aug 15.
REFERENCE
Malloy EJ, Miller KL, Eisen EA. Rectal cancer and exposure to metalworking fluids in the automobile manufacturing industry. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Apr;64(4):244-9. Epub 2006 Aug 15.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- metalworking fluids
STUDY DESIGN
- nested case-control analysis;
The aim of this study was to better specify the exposure-response relationship with straight metalworking fluids (mineral oils) by applying non-parametric regression methods that avoid linearity constraints and arbitrary exposure cut points and by lagging exposure to account for cancer latency, in a nested case-control analysis.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers of the automobile manufacturing industry
CANCER
- rectal cancer;
Based on the results the hazard ratio for mortality from rectal cancer increased essentially linearly with cumulative exposure to straight metalworking fluid (with narrow confidence bands) up to a maximum of 2.2 at the 99th centile of exposure and then decreased (with wide confidence bands). The authors also found that lagging exposure up to 15 years increased the initial steepness of the curve and raised the maximum hazard ratio to 3.2.
The authors conclude that non-parametric smoothing of lagged exposures has shown stronger evidence for a causal association between straight metalworking fluid and rectal cancer than was previously described using standard analytical methods.
NOTES
No notes
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158.
McLean D, Pearce N, Langseth H, Jäppinen P, Szadkowska-Stanczyk I, Persson B, Wild P, Kishi R, Lynge E, Henneberger P, Sala M, Teschke K, Kauppinen T, Colin D, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P. Cancer mortality in workers exposed to organochlorine compounds in the pulp and paper industry: an international collaborative study. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul;114(7):1007-12.
REFERENCE
McLean D, Pearce N, Langseth H, Jäppinen P, Szadkowska-Stanczyk I, Persson B, Wild P, Kishi R, Lynge E, Henneberger P, Sala M, Teschke K, Kauppinen T, Colin D, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P. Cancer mortality in workers exposed to organochlorine compounds in the pulp and paper industry: an international collaborative study. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul;114(7):1007-12.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- organochlorine compounds in the pulp and paper industry
STUDY DESIGN
- an international collaborative study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate cancer mortality in pulp and paper industry workers exposed to chlorinated organic compounds. A multinational cohort of workers employed between 1920 and 1996 in 11 countries was assembled . The authors estimated exposure to both volatile and nonvolatile organochlorine compounds at the department level using an exposure matrix.
The authors conducted a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis based on age and calendar-period-specific national mortality rates and a Poisson regression analysis. The study population consisted of 60,468 workers.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers exposed to organochlorine compounds in the pulp and paper industry
CANCER
-
Based on the results the workers exposed to volatile organochlorines experienced a deficit of all-cause [SMR = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-0.93] and all-cancer (SMR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.97) mortality, with no evidence of increased risks for any cancer of a priori interest.
A weak, but statistically significant, trend of increasing risk of all-cancer mortality with increasing weighted cumulative exposure was found. A similar deficit in all-cause (SMR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.96) and all-cancer (SMR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-1.00) mortality was observed in those exposed to nonvolatile organochlorines.
The authors found no excess risk in cancers of a priori interest, although mortality from Hodgkin disease was elevated (SMR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.02-2.82) .
In this study the authors found little evidence that exposure to organochlorines at the levels experienced in the pulp and paper industry is associated with an increased risk of cancer, apart from a weak but significant association between all-cancer mortality and weighted cumulative volatile organochlorine exposure.
NOTES
No notes
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159.
Jaga K, Dharmani C. The epidemiology of pesticide exposure and cancer: A review. Rev Environ Health. 2005 Jan-Mar;20(1):15-38.
REFERENCE
Jaga K, Dharmani C. The epidemiology of pesticide exposure and cancer: A review. Rev Environ Health. 2005 Jan-Mar;20(1):15-38.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- pesticides
STUDY DESIGN
- review
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- agricultural workers and industrial workers (industrial workers employed in chemical plants for manufacturing pesticides) etc.
CANCER
- various types of cancers;
It seems that insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides are associated with hemopoetic cancers, and cancers of the prostate, pancreas, liver, and other body systems but the involvement of pesticides in breast cancer has not yet been determined. In developing countries, Sufficient epidemiologic research and evidence is lacking to link pesticide exposure with cancer development in developing countries.
High-risk groups for developing cancer following pesticide exposure are agricultural and industrial workers. It seems that children of farm workers can be exposed to pesticides through their parents also maternal exposure to pesticides can pose a health risk to the fetus and the newborn. Based on the review pesticide exposure, independently or in synergism with modifiable risk factors, is associated with several types of cancer.
NOTES
No notes
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160.
Clapp RW. Mortality among US employees of a large computer manufacturing company: 1969-2001. Environ Health. 2006 Oct 19;5:30.
REFERENCE
Clapp RW. Mortality among US employees of a large computer manufacturing company: 1969-2001. Environ Health. 2006 Oct 19;5:30.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to elucidate patterns of mortality in workers (US employees of a large computer manufacturing company) who were engaged manufacturing computers and related electronic components.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- US employees of a large computer manufacturing company
CANCER
- various kinds of cancers (brain and central nervous system cancer; kidney cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, cancer of all lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue etc.);
Based on the results the proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for all cancers combined were elevated in males (PMR = 107; 95% CI = 105-109) and females (PMR = 115; 95% CI = 110-119); several specific cancers and other causes of death were also significantly elevated in both males and females. It was also found that there were reduced deaths due to non-malignant respiratory disease in males and females and heart disease in females; several specific cancers and other causes of death were significantly reduced in both males and females.
It was found that proportional cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) for brain and central nervous system cancer were elevated (PCMR = 166; 95% CI = 129-213), kidney cancer (PCMR = 162; 95% CI = 124-212), melanoma of skin (PCMR = 179; 95% CI = 131-244) and pancreatic cancer (PCMR = 126; 95% CI = 101-157) were significantly elevated.
Based on the results also kidney cancer (PCMR = 212; 95% CI = 116-387) and cancer of all lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue (PCMR = 162; 95% CI = 121-218) were significantly elevated in female manufacturing workers.
The authors conclude that mortality was elevated due to specific cancers and among workers more likely to be exposed to solvents and other chemical exposures in manufacturing operations. They also point out that due to lack of individual exposure information, no conclusions are made about associations with any particular agent.
NOTES
No notes
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161.
Rafnsson V. Risk of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma and exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane, a nested case-control study. Eur J Cancer. 2006 Nov;42(16):2781-5. Epub 2006 Aug 28.
REFERENCE
Rafnsson V. Risk of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma and exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane, a nested case-control study. Eur J Cancer. 2006 Nov;42(16):2781-5. Epub 2006 Aug 28.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), an organochlorine insecticide
STUDY DESIGN
- a nested case-control study; (a case-control study nested in a cohort of sheep owners (collected from records on sheep dipping))
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- sheep owners
CANCER
- non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL);
The results indicate that hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) may be linked to the development of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL).
NOTES
No notes
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162.
Lee WJ, Sandler DP, Blair A, Samanic C, Cross AJ, Alavanja MC. Pesticide use and colorectal cancer risk in the agricultural health study. Int J Cancer. 2007 Jul 15;121(2):339-46.
REFERENCE
Lee WJ, Sandler DP, Blair A, Samanic C, Cross AJ, Alavanja MC. Pesticide use and colorectal cancer risk in the agricultural health study. Int J Cancer. 2007 Jul 15;121(2):339-46.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- pesticides (for example chlorpyrifos, aldicarb)
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between agricultural pesticides and colorectal cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- pesticide applicators;
In this analysis a total of 56,813 pesticide applicators with no prior history of colorectal cancer were included. Pesticide exposure and other information were obtained from self-administered questionnaires completed at the time of enrollment (1993-1997) and cancer incidence was determined through population-based cancer registries from enrollment through December 31, 2002.
CANCER
- colorectal cancer;
As a result a total of 305 incident colorectal cancers (212 colon, 93 rectum) were diagnosed during the study period, 1993-2002. The authors found that although most of the 50 pesticides studied were not associated with colorectal cancer risk, chlorpyrifos use showed significant exposure response trend (p for trend = 0.008) for rectal cancer, rising to a 2.7-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.2-6.4) increased risk in the highest exposure category.
It was also found that aldicarb was associated with a significantly increased risk of colon cancer (p for trend = 0.001), based on a small number of exposed cases, with the highest exposure category resulting in a 4.1-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval: 1.3-12.8). In contrast, the authors found that dichlorophenoxyacetic acid showed a significant inverse association with colon cancer but the association was not monotonic.
The authors point out that these findings should be interpreted cautiously since the literature suggesting that pesticides are related to colorectal cancer is limited. Nonetheless the possibility of an association between exposure to certain pesticides and incidence of colorectal cancer among pesticide applicators deserves further evaluation.
NOTES
No notes
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163.
Mohner M, Lindtner M, Otten H, Gille HG. Leukemia and exposure to ionizing radiation among German uranium miners. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Apr;49(4):238-48.
REFERENCE
Mohner M, Lindtner M, Otten H, Gille HG. Leukemia and exposure to ionizing radiation among German uranium miners. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Apr;49(4):238-48.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- ionizing radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this study was to examine the leukemia risk among miners.
This case-control study of former uranium miners in East Germany was conducted with 377 cases and 980 controls.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- German uranium miners
CANCER
- Leukemia;
A dose-response relationship between leukemia risk and radon progeny could not be confirmed by using conditional logistic regression models. Anyhow, a significantly elevated risk is seen in the category > or = 400 mSv when combining gamma-radiation and long-lived radionuclides.
Based on the results of this study the authors suggest that an elevated risk for leukemia is restricted to employees with a very long occupational career in underground uranium mining or uranium processing. The results do not support the hypothesis of an association between exposure to short-lived radon progeny and leukemia risk.
NOTES
No notes
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164.
Behrens T, Schill W, Wild P, Frentzel-Beyme R, Ahrens W. Mortality in a german cohort of asphalt workers with potential bitumen exposure. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007;4 Suppl 1:201-8.
REFERENCE
Behrens T, Schill W, Wild P, Frentzel-Beyme R, Ahrens W. Mortality in a german cohort of asphalt workers with potential bitumen exposure. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007;4 Suppl 1:201-8.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- bitumen exposure
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to investigate the mortality of bitumen workers.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- asphalt workers
CANCER
- lung cancer, head and neck cancers etc.;
Based on the results by the end of 1998, 497 cohort members had died (SMR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.34). 63 workers had died from lung cancer (SMR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.49-2.44) and 36 from head and neck cancer (defined as oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, or esophageal cancer; SMR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.73-3.42). The authors found significantly elevated SMRs also for all malignant tumors (SMR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.12-1.54), alcoholism (SMR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.22-3.17), and unnatural causes of death (incl. accidents, SMR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.05-1.65).
When the authors stratified the cohort according to bitumen exposure, no clear mortality pattern emerged. It was found that cancer mortality was significantly elevated among both, the exposed and unexposed subjects.
The authors found that the internal comparison between bitumen-exposed and unexposed workers revealed elevated, but non-significant associations for lung cancer (RR = 1.34; 95% CI 0.76-2.37) and head and neck cancers, respectively (RR = 1.24; 95% CI 0.57-2.78).
The authors conclude that they cannot rule out that their results may have been biased by confounders that were not collected in this study, most notably smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as other occupational exposures in- and outside the asphalt industry.
NOTES
No notes
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165.
Mahajan R, Blair A, Coble J, Lynch CF, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC. Carbaryl exposure and incident cancer in the Agricultural Health Study. Int J Cancer. 2007 May 29; aheadofprint.
REFERENCE
Mahajan R, Blair A, Coble J, Lynch CF, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC. Carbaryl exposure and incident cancer in the Agricultural Health Study. Int J Cancer. 2007 May 29; aheadofprint.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- carbaryl
STUDY DESIGN
- a prospective study of a cohort of pesticide applicators in North Carolina and Iowa;
The aim of this study was to examine the risk of overall cancer and site specific cancers in relation to the use of carbaryl by pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (= a prospective study of a cohort of pesticide applicators in North Carolina and Iowa).
This analysis consisted of 21,416 subjects (1,291 cases) enrolled from 1993-1997 and followed for cancer incidence through 2003. Self-administered questionnaires were used for collecting pesticide exposure and other data.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- pesticide applicators (in North Carolina and Iowa)
CANCER
- the following cancers were listed in this article: prostate, lung, colon, melanoma, bladder, lymphohematopoietic, leukemia and NHL;
Based on the results carbaryl was not associated with cancer risk overall.
The authors found that relative to subjects who never used carbaryl, melanoma risk was elevated with >175 lifetime exposure-days (RR = 4.11; 95%CI, 1.33-12.75; p-trend = 0.07), >10 years of use (RR = 3.19; 95%CI, 1.28-7.92; p-trend = 0.04), or >/=10 days of use per year (RR = 5.50; 95%CI, 2.19-13.84; p-trend < 0.001). Risk remained after adjusting for sunlight exposure.
There appeared to be a trend of decreasing prostate cancer risk - although not significant - with increasing level of exposure.
In NHL risk a small increase was observed using some, but not all, exposure measures.
With other examined cancer sites no associations were observed.
Because the observed results were not hypothesized a priori and because of limited study of their biological plausibility, the authors suggest that they should be interpreted with caution.
NOTES
No notes
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166.
Mills PK, Yang RC. Agricultural exposures and gastric cancer risk in Hispanic farm workers in California. Environ Res. 2007 Jun;104(2):282-9. Epub 2006 Dec 29.
REFERENCE
Mills PK, Yang RC. Agricultural exposures and gastric cancer risk in Hispanic farm workers in California. Environ Res. 2007 Jun;104(2):282-9. Epub 2006 Dec 29.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- agricultural exposures
STUDY DESIGN
- a nested case-control study;
The aim of this study was to further evaluate associations between gastric cancer and the types of crops and commodities the United Farm Workers of America (UFW) members cultivate and the associated pesticide use as recorded by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR).
The authors conducted a nested case-control study of gastric cancer embedded in the UFW cohort and identified 100 cases of newly diagnosed gastric cancer between 1988 and 2003. The control group consisted of 210 control participants matched on age, gender, ethnicity, and known to be alive and resident in California up to the date of the cases´ diagnosis.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- Hispanic farm workers in California
CANCER
- gastric cancer;
Based on the results work in the citrus industry was associated with increased gastric cancer (OR=2.88; 95% CI=1.02-8.12) although no other specific crops or commodities were associated with this disease.
The authors also found working in areas with high use of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide 2,4-D associated with gastric cancer (OR=1.85; 95% CI=1.05-3.25); also use of the organochlorine insecticide chlordane was associated with the disease (OR=2.96; 95% CI=1.48-5.94).
It also seemed that gastric cancer was associated with use of the acaricide propargite and the herbicide triflurin (OR=2.86; 95% CI=1.56-5.23 and 1.69, 95% CI=0.99-2.89, respectively). The authors suggest that in California Hispanic farm workers gastric cancer is associated with work in the citrus fruit industry and among those who work in fields treated with 2,4-D, chlordane, propargite, and trifluin.
The authors conclude that these findings may have larger public health implications especially in those areas of the country where these pesticides are heavily used and where they may be found in the ambient atmosphere.
NOTES
No notes
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167.
Samanic C, Rusiecki J, Dosemeci M, Hou L, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Lubin J, Blair A, Alavanja MC. Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to dicamba in the agricultural health study. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Oct;114(10):1521-6.
REFERENCE
Samanic C, Rusiecki J, Dosemeci M, Hou L, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Lubin J, Blair A, Alavanja MC. Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to dicamba in the agricultural health study. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Oct;114(10):1521-6.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- Dicamba (herbicide)
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to dicamba in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in North Carolina and Iowa.
For this study detailed pesticide exposure information was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire completed from 1993 to 1997. Cancer incidence was followed through 31 December 2002 by linkage to state cancer registries.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- pesticide applicators
CANCER
- lung cancer, colon cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma etc.;
Although associations between exposure and lung and colon cancer were observed, the authors did not find clear evidence for an association between dicamba exposure and cancer risk.
The authors suggest that the patterns of association observed for lung and colon cancers warrant further attention. (They will re-examine dicamba in the future when larger numbers will allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of lung and colon cancer, as well as additional cancer sites.)
NOTES
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168.
Rusiecki JA, Hou L, Lee WJ, Blair A, Dosemeci M, Lubin JH, Bonner M, Samanic C, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC. Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to metolachlor in the Agricultural Health Study. Int J Cancer. 2006 Jun 15;118(12):3118-23.
REFERENCE
Rusiecki JA, Hou L, Lee WJ, Blair A, Dosemeci M, Lubin JH, Bonner M, Samanic C, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC. Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to metolachlor in the Agricultural Health Study. Int J Cancer. 2006 Jun 15;118(12):3118-23.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- Metolachlor (herbicides)
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to evaluated the incidence of cancer among pesticide applicators exposed to metolachlor in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina.
#For this study a total of 50,193 pesticide applicators were included and detailed information on pesticide exposure and lifestyle factors was obtained from self-administered enrollment questionnaires completed between 1993 and 1997; average length of follow-up was 7.33 years.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- pesticide applicators exposed to metolachlor
CANCER
- prostate cancer, lung cancer, oral cavity cancer, colon cancer, all lymphohematopoetic cancers, non-Hodgkin lymphoma;
Based on the results no clear risk for any cancer subtype was found for exposure to metolachlor.
The authors found a significantly decreased RR for prostate cancer in the highest category of lifetime days exposure (RR = 0.59; 95%CI, 0.39-0.89) and in the second highest category of intensity-weighted lifetime days exposure (RR = 0.66; 95%CI, 0.45-0.97); however, the test for trend was not significant for either exposure metric.
The authors also found a nonsignificantly increased risk for lung cancer with lifetime days exposure in the highest category (RR = 2.37; 95%CI, 0.97-5.82, p-trend = 0.03) but not with intensity-weighted lifetime days.
Given the widespread use of metolachlor and the frequent detection of metolachlor in both surface and ground water, future analyses of the AHS will allow further examination of long-term health effects, including lung cancer and the less common cancers.
NOTES
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169.
Alavanja MC, Dosemeci M, Samanic C, Lubin J, Lynch CF, Knott C, Barker J, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Coble J, Thomas K, Blair A. Pesticides and lung cancer risk in the agricultural health study cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Nov 1;160(9):876-85.
REFERENCE
Alavanja MC, Dosemeci M, Samanic C, Lubin J, Lynch CF, Knott C, Barker J, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Coble J, Thomas K, Blair A. Pesticides and lung cancer risk in the agricultural health study cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Nov 1;160(9):876-85.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicamba, dieldrin, metolachlor, pendimethalin
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to examined the relation between 50 widely used agricultural pesticides and lung cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 57,284 pesticide applicators and 32,333 spouses of farmer applicators with no prior history of lung cancer.
Self-administered questionnaires were completed at enrollment (1993-1997) and cancer incidence was determined through population-based cancer registries from enrollment through December 31, 2001.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- pesticide applicators and spouses of farmer applicators
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on the results a lung cancer standardized incidence ratio of 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.49) was observed overall, due in large part to a low cigarette smoking prevalence.
It was found that two widely used herbicides, metolachlor and pendimethalin (for low-exposed groups to four higher exposure categories: odds ratio (OR) = 1.0, 1.6, 1.2, 5.0; p(trend) = 0.0002; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.1, 4.4; p(trend) = 0.003, respectively), and two widely used insecticides, chlorpyrifos and diazinon (OR = 1.0, 1.1, 1.7, 1.9; p(trend) = 0.03; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.7, 3.7; p(trend) = 0.04, respectively), showed some evidence of exposure response for lung cancer. These excesses could not be explained by previously identified lung cancer risk factors.
The usage levels in this cohort were considerably higher than those typically experienced by the general population. At this time excess risk among spouses directly exposed to pesticides could not be evaluated.
The authors suggest that replication of these results in other studies and in continued follow-up in the Agricultural Health Study will be necessary before any firm conclusions can be reached.
NOTES
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170.
Stayner L, Bena J, Sasco AJ, Smith R, Steenland K, Kreuzer M, Straif K. Lung cancer risk and workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Am J Public Health. 2007 Mar;97(3):545-51. Epub 2007 Jan 31.
REFERENCE
Stayner L, Bena J, Sasco AJ, Smith R, Steenland K, Kreuzer M, Straif K. Lung cancer risk and workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Am J Public Health. 2007 Mar;97(3):545-51. Epub 2007 Jan 31.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- environmental tobacco smoke
STUDY DESIGN
- meta-analysis;
The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the association between work-place environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer.
The authors performed a meta-analysis in 2003 of data from 22 studies from multiple locations worldwide of workplace environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer risk. Estimates of relative risk from these studies were analyzed by fitting the data to fixed and mixed effects models. Also analyses of highly exposed workers and of the relationship between duration of exposure and lung cancer were performed.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on the results the authors found a 24% increase in lung cancer risk (relative risk [RR]=1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.18, 1.29) among workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. For workers classified as being highly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke a 2-fold increased risk (RR=2.01; 95% CI=1.33, 2.60) was observed. Also a strong relationship between lung cancer and duration of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was observed.
The authors conclude that the findings from this investigation provide the strongest evidence to date that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.
NOTES
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171.
Alipour S, Deschamps F, Lesage FX, Lebargy F. Estimation of annual incidence of lung cancer associated with work place exposure to passive smoking in France. J Occup Health. 2006 Sep;48(5):329-31.
REFERENCE
Alipour S, Deschamps F, Lesage FX, Lebargy F. Estimation of annual incidence of lung cancer associated with work place exposure to passive smoking in France. J Occup Health. 2006 Sep;48(5):329-31.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- work place exposure to passive smoking in France
STUDY DESIGN
- estimation;
The aim of this study was to estimate the number of annual new cases of lung cancer from workplace exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) in France.
In this study the number of new lung cancer cases attributable to workplace ETS exposure in France was estimated with regard to the following factors: excess risk of lung cancer from workplace ETS exposure, incidence of lung cancer in non-exposed non-smokers, and number of French workers exposed to passive smoking.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- non-smoking workers regularly exposed to inhalation of ETS at their workplace
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on this study it is estimated that exposure to workplace passive smoking causes around 14 to 125 new cases of lung cancer each year in France. As a conclusion new lung cancer cases from workplace exposure to ETS represent a few percent of all occupational lung cancers, and a minuscule number in regards to the whole lung cancer annual incidence (14 to 125 for 23,000 lung cancers in France=0.06% to 0.54%).
NOTES
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172.
Telle-Lamberton M, Samson E, Caer S, Bergot D, Bard D, Bermann F, Gelas JM, Giraud JM, Hubert P, Metz-Flamant C, Neron MO, Quesne B, Tirmarche M, Hill C. External radiation exposure and mortality in a cohort of French nuclear workers. Occup Environ Med. 2007 May 23; ahead of print.
REFERENCE
Telle-Lamberton M, Samson E, Caer S, Bergot D, Bard D, Bermann F, Gelas JM, Giraud JM, Hubert P, Metz-Flamant C, Neron MO, Quesne B, Tirmarche M, Hill C. External radiation exposure and mortality in a cohort of French nuclear workers. Occup Environ Med. 2007 May 23; ahead of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- external radiation
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of external radiation exposure on the mortality of French nuclear workers.
The cohort consisted of 29,204 workers employed between 1950 and 1994 at the French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat a l´Energie Atomique: CEA) or at the General Company of Nuclear Fuel (COmpagnie GEnerale des MAtieres nucleaires: Cogema, now Areva NC). The cohort was followed up for an average of 17.8 years.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- French nuclear workers
CANCER
- leukaemia;
Based on the results the risk of leukaemia increases with increasing exposure to external radiation; this was consistent with published results on other nuclear workers cohorts.
NOTES
No notes
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173.
Dost A, Straughan J, Sorahan T. A cohort mortality and cancer incidence survey of recent entrants (1982-91) to the UK rubber industry: findings for 1983-2004. Occup Med (Lond). 2007 May;57(3):186-90. Epub 2007 Jan 16.
REFERENCE
Dost A, Straughan J, Sorahan T. A cohort mortality and cancer incidence survey of recent entrants (1982-91) to the UK rubber industry: findings for 1983-2004. Occup Med (Lond). 2007 May;57(3):186-90. Epub 2007 Jan 16.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort mortality and cancer incidence survey;
The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of cancer in a recently defined cohort of UK rubber workers.
The cohort comprised of 8651 male and female workers from 41 UK rubber factories. All the employees of this study had a minimum of 12 months employment and were first employed at one of the participating factories in the period 1982-91. Mortality and cancer incidence data for the period 1983-2004 were compared with expected values based on appropriate national rates.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- rubber industry workers (both males and females)
CANCER
- stomach cancer, lung cancer, multiple myeloma;
Based on the results mortality from lung cancer was close to expectation for males [observed 22, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 93] and females (observed 2, SMR 70). It was found that mortality from stomach cancer was also unexceptional in males (observed 4, SMR 86) and females (observed 0, SMR 0). Though based on small numbers, significantly elevated mortality was shown for multiple myeloma in males (observed 5, SMR 385) and females (observed 2, SMR 952). All seven of these latter deaths occurred in workers from the general rubber goods (GRG) sector.
The authors conclude that the findings should be treated with caution as they relate to a relatively early period of follow-up. It might be possible that the elevated SMRs for stomach and lung cancers reported for historical cohorts of UK rubber workers will not be present in more recent cohorts. The elevated occurrence of multiple myeloma may represent no more than a chance finding. It might also be possible that these findings may reflect the presence of an unrecognized occupational cancer hazard in parts of the GRG sector of the UK rubber industry.
NOTES
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174.
Binks K, Doll R, Gillies M, Holroyd C, Jones SR, McGeoghegan D, Scott L, Wakeford R, Walker P. Mortality experience of male workers at a UK tin smelter. Occup Med (Lond). 2005 May;55(3):215-26. Epub 2005 Mar 9.
REFERENCE
Binks K, Doll R, Gillies M, Holroyd C, Jones SR, McGeoghegan D, Scott L, Wakeford R, Walker P. Mortality experience of male workers at a UK tin smelter. Occup Med (Lond). 2005 May;55(3):215-26. Epub 2005 Mar 9.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
The aim of this study was to identify mortality among male workers at a UK tin smelter.
For this study the authors defined a cohort of 1462 males employed for at least 12 months between 1967 and 1995, followed-up through to 2001. The cohorts mortality was compared against that expected for both national and regional populations.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- male workers at a UK tin smelter
CANCER
- lung cancer;
It was found that mortality from all causes and all cancers did not differ from that expected. Mortality from lung cancer showed a statistically significant excess. Mortality from smoking related diseases other than lung cancer showed a non-significant deficit.
The authors conclude that the pattern of lung cancer mortality is consistent with the hypothesis that the risk of lung cancer has been enhanced by occupational exposure to one or more carcinogens, the effect of which diminishes with time since exposure.
NOTES
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175.
Jones S, Atkin P, Holroyd C, Lutman E, Vives I Batlle J, Wakeford R, Walker P. Lung cancer mortality at a UK tin smelter. Occup Med (Lond). 2007 Jun;57(4):238-245. Epub 2007 Apr 16.
REFERENCE
Jones S, Atkin P, Holroyd C, Lutman E, Vives I Batlle J, Wakeford R, Walker P. Lung cancer mortality at a UK tin smelter. Occup Med (Lond). 2007 Jun;57(4):238-245. Epub 2007 Apr 16.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- arsenic, lead and antimony
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lung cancer mortality and quantitative measures of exposure among male former employees at a tin smelter in Humberside, UK.
By using available records of occupational hygiene measurements, the authors established exposure matrices for arsenic, cadmium, lead, antimony and polonium-210 ((210)Po), covering the main process areas of the smelter. They established work histories from personnel record cards for the previously defined cohort of 1462 male employees. They used three different methods of extrapolation to assess exposures prior to 1972, when no measurement results were available. Lung cancer mortality was examined in relation to cumulative inhalation exposure by Poisson regression analysis.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- male former employees at a tin smelter in Humberside, UK
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on the results no significant associations could be found between lung cancer mortality and simple cumulative exposure to any of the substances studied. The authors found significant associations between lung cancer mortality and exposures to arsenic, lead and antimony when cumulative exposures were weighted according to time since exposure and attained age.
The authors conclude that the excess of lung cancer mortality in the cohort can most plausibly be explained if arsenic is the principal occupational carcinogen (for which the excess relative risk diminishes with time since exposure and attained age) and if there is a contribution to excess mortality from an enhanced prevalence of smoking within the cohort. The authors suggest that the implications of the dose-response for arsenic exposure for risk estimation merit further consideration.
NOTES
No notes
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176.
Dell LD, Mundt KA, Luippold RS, Nunes AP, Cohen L, Burch MT, Heidenreich MJ, Bachand AM. A cohort mortality study of employees in the U.S. carbon black industry. J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Dec;48(12):1219-29.
REFERENCE
Dell LD, Mundt KA, Luippold RS, Nunes AP, Cohen L, Burch MT, Heidenreich MJ, Bachand AM. A cohort mortality study of employees in the U.S. carbon black industry. J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Dec;48(12):1219-29.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
-
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort mortality study;
The aim of this study was to evaluate historical mortality patterns, especially due to cancers, among employees of the U.S. carbon black industry and to address the methodological shortcomings of previous U.S. mortality studies.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- employees in the U.S. carbon black industry
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on the results employment in carbon black production in the United States seems not to be associated with increased mortality overall, cancer overall and, in particular, lung cancer.
Anyhow the authors suggest that further research, incorporating a detailed exposure assessment is needed to determine whether exposure to carbon black at high levels may be associated with an increased risk of cancer.
NOTES
No notes
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177.
Buchte SF, Morfeld P, Wellmann J, Bolm-Audorff U, McCunney RJ, Piekarski C. Lung cancer mortality and carbon black exposure: a nested case-control study at a German carbon black production plant. J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Dec;48(12):1242-52.
REFERENCE
Buchte SF, Morfeld P, Wellmann J, Bolm-Audorff U, McCunney RJ, Piekarski C. Lung cancer mortality and carbon black exposure: a nested case-control study at a German carbon black production plant. J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Dec;48(12):1242-52.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- carbon black
STUDY DESIGN
- a case-control study;
The aim of this study was to conduct a case-control study of lung cancer nested within a cohort of 1528 German carbon black workers, 1976-1998.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- carbon black workers
CANCER
- lung cancer;
No association to carbon black exposure was found in the analysis of 50 lung cancer deaths. Based on the results of this study it seems that carbon black exposure was not linked to lung cancer risk. Anyhow due to the small number of cases available in the cohort the study experienced power limitation. An extension of the mortality follow up is recommended.
NOTES
No notes
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178.
Sorahan T, Williams SP. Mortality of workers at a nickel carbonyl refinery, 1958-2000. Occup Environ Med. 2005 Feb;62(2):80-5.
REFERENCE
Sorahan T, Williams SP. Mortality of workers at a nickel carbonyl refinery, 1958-2000. Occup Environ Med. 2005 Feb;62(2):80-5.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- occupational exposures received in a modern nickel carbonyl refinery
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
The cohort composed of 812 male workers employed at a nickel refinery. They were all first employed in the period 1953-92 and had at least five years´ employment with the company.
The aim of this study was to determine whether occupational exposures received in a modern nickel carbonyl refinery lead to increased risks of cancer, in particular nasal cancer and lung cancer.
The authors compared the observed numbers of cause specific deaths with expectations based on national mortality rates; SMRs were also calculated by period from commencing employment, year of commencing employment, and type of work.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers employed at a nickel refinery
CANCER
- in particular nasal cancer and lung cancer;
Based on the results, standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were close to 100 for all causes (Obs 191, SMR 96, 95% CI 83 to 111), all neoplasms (Obs 63, SMR 104, 95% CI 80 to 133), non-malignant diseases of the respiratory system (Obs 18, SMR 97, 95% CI 57 to 153), and diseases of the circulatory system (Obs 85, SMR 94, 95% CI 75 to 116).
The authors also found no significantly increased SMRs for any site of cancer. A non-significant excess for lung cancer (Obs 28, Exp 20.17, SMR 139, 95% CI 92 to 201) was found. In subgroup analyses a significantly increased SMR of 231 (Obs 9) was found for those 142 workers with at least five years´ employment in the feed handling and nickel extraction departments. A single death from nasal cancer (Exp 0.10) was found in the total cohort.
The authors conclude that the non-significant excess of lung cancer deaths may well be a chance finding, but in light of previous studies some role for nickel exposures cannot be excluded.
NOTES
No notes
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179.
Megdal SP, Kroenke CH, Laden F, Pukkala E, Schernhammer ES. Night work and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Sep;41(13):2023-32.
REFERENCE
Megdal SP, Kroenke CH, Laden F, Pukkala E, Schernhammer ES. Night work and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Sep;41(13):2023-32.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- night shift
STUDY DESIGN
- a systematic review and meta-analysis;
The aim of this study is to assess the effects of night work on breast cancer risk.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- night shift workers (airline cabin crew etc.)
CANCER
- breast cancer;
The authors conclude that studies on night shift work and breast cancer risk collectively show an increased breast cancer risk among women. Publication bias is unlikely to have influenced the results.
NOTES
No notes
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180.
Sorahan T, Harrington JM. A "lugged" analysis of lung cancer risks in UK carbon black production workers, 1951-2004. Am J Ind Med. 2007 May 21; aheadofprint.
REFERENCE
Sorahan T, Harrington JM. A "lugged" analysis of lung cancer risks in UK carbon black production workers, 1951-2004. Am J Ind Med. 2007 May 21; aheadofprint.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- carbon black
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
For this study the mortality of a cohort of 1,147 male manual workers from five UK factories manufacturing carbon black was investigated for the period 1951-2004. All of them were first employed in the period 1947-74 and were employed for 12 months or more.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- male manual workers from five UK factories manufacturing carbon black
CANCER
- lung cancer;
Based on serial rates for the general population of England and Wales, the authors found significantly elevated mortality for lung cancer (Obs 67, SMR 146, P < 0.01) but not for all other causes combined (Obs 426, SMR 106).
At two of the plants there was highly elevated lung cancer mortality (SMR 230, Obs 35) but no excess mortality at the other three plants combined (SMR 104, Obs 32).
By analyzing the period since leaving employment, the authors found that elevated lung cancer risks were limited to those workers with some employment in the most recent 15 years.
SMR analyses found an overall positive significant trend between lung cancer risks and cumulative carbon black exposure received in the most recent 15 years. On the other hand Poisson regression analyses provided different results depending on which variables were adjusted for.
As a conclusion the findings suggest that carbon black, or chemicals associated with the production of carbon black, had an effect on later stages of lung cancer carcinogenesis at two of the plants but that no such effect was found at the other plants.
NOTES
No notes
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181.
Cheng H, Sathiakumar N, Graff J, Matthews R, Delzell E. 1,3-Butadiene and leukemia among synthetic rubber industry workers: exposure-response relationships. Chem Biol Interact. 2007 Mar 20;166(1-3):15-24. Epub 2006 Oct 13.
REFERENCE
Cheng H, Sathiakumar N, Graff J, Matthews R, Delzell E. 1,3-Butadiene and leukemia among synthetic rubber industry workers: exposure-response relationships. Chem Biol Interact. 2007 Mar 20;166(1-3):15-24. Epub 2006 Oct 13.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- 1,3-butadiene (BD)
STUDY DESIGN
- the cohort of this study was comprised of synthetic rubber industry workers;
The aim of this study was to examine (by using Cox regression procedures) the exposure-response relationship between several unlagged and lagged, continuous, time-dependent 1,3-butadiene (BD) exposure indices (BD parts per million (ppm)-years, the total number of exposures to BD concentrations >100 ppm ("peaks") and average intensity of BD) and leukemia, lymphoid neoplasms and myeloid neoplasms.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- synthetic rubber industry workers
CANCER
- leukemia, lymphoid neoplasms and myeloid neoplasms;
As a conclusion: The present results support the presence of a causal relationship between high cumulative exposure and high intensity of exposure to BD and leukemia.
NOTES
No notes
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182.
Ugnat AM, Luo W, Semenciw R, Mao Y. Occupational exposure to chemical and petrochemical industries and bladder cancer risk in four western Canadian provinces. Chronic Dis Can. 2004 Spring;25(2):7-15.
REFERENCE
Ugnat AM, Luo W, Semenciw R, Mao Y. Occupational exposure to chemical and petrochemical industries and bladder cancer risk in four western Canadian provinces. Chronic Dis Can. 2004 Spring;25(2):7-15.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- several chemicals: asbestos; mineral, cutting or lubricating oil; benzidine etc.
STUDY DESIGN
- population-based case-control study;
The aim of this population-based case-control study was to confirm the association between selected occupational and non-occupational risk factors and risk of bladder cancer using data collected from the four western Canadian provinces.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
-
CANCER
- bladder cancer;
The authors found that bladder cancer increased with increasing pack-years of cigarette smoking with an odds ratio (OR) in the highest quartile of 3.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28-4.82). A dose-response relationship between bladder cancer and pack-years of smoking (p < 0.0001) was demonstrated. A positive trend was observed by the authors with coffee consumption in men (p < 0.0001), with the highest risk in the highest category of exposure: drinkers of four cups or more per day had an OR of 1.77 (95% CI 1.11-2.82).
Based on the results an increased bladder cancer risk was associated with self-reported exposure at work to several chemicals: asbestos (OR 1.69 [95% CI 1.07-2.65]); mineral, cutting or lubricating oil (1.64 [95% CI 1.06-2.55]); benzidine (2.20 [95% CI 1.00-4.87]). The population attributable fraction (PAF) estimates were 51% for cigarette smoking, 17% for heavy coffee consumption, 10% for mineral, cutting or lubricating oil exposure, 6% for asbestos exposure, and 1% for benzidine exposure.
As a conclusion: Although self-reported chemical exposures have important limitations, the findings of this study are suggestive of increased risk for several associations previously reported between chemical agents or industries and risk of bladder cancer.
NOTES
No notes
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183.
Burstyn I, Kromhout H, Johansen C, Langard S, Kauppinen T, Shaham J, Ferro G, Boffetta P. Bladder cancer incidence and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among asphalt pavers. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Mar 1; a head of print.
REFERENCE
Burstyn I, Kromhout H, Johansen C, Langard S, Kauppinen T, Shaham J, Ferro G, Boffetta P. Bladder cancer incidence and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among asphalt pavers. Occup Environ Med. 2007 Mar 1; a head of print.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
STUDY DESIGN
- cohort study;
7,298 men included in the historical cohort were first employed between 1913 and 1999 in companies applying asphalt in Denmark, Norway, Finland and Israel.
The aim of this study was to investigate association between exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that arises during asphalt paving and risk of bladder cancer.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- asphalt pavers
CANCER
- bladder cancer;
Based on the results 48 bladder cancers among asphalt paving workers were detected, of these 39 cases were exposed at least 15 years prior to the diagnosis. Bladder cancer incidence was not associated with cumulative exposure to PAH.
It was found that the association with average exposure became stronger when 15 year lag was considered, revealing a two-fold increase in relative bladder cancer risk in the two higher exposure categories.
An indication of exposure-response association with lagged averaged exposure was found.
Risk estimates were adjusted for age, country, duration of employment and calendar period, did not show heterogeneity among countries and did not materially change when re-estimated after excluding non-primary cancers from follow-up. (Previously conducted sensitivity analysis indicates that confounding by cigarette smoking is an unlikely explanation for the observed exposure-response trends).
The authors were not able to control for all possible sources of confounding and bias. They point out that the results do not allow to conclude on the presence or absence of a causal link between exposures to PAH and risk of bladder cancer among asphalt workers
NOTES
No notes
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184.
Ahn YS, Park RM, Stayner L, Kang SK, Jang JK. Cancer morbidity in iron and steel workers in Korea. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Aug;49(8):647-57.
REFERENCE
Ahn YS, Park RM, Stayner L, Kang SK, Jang JK. Cancer morbidity in iron and steel workers in Korea. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Aug;49(8):647-57.
AGENT / EXPOSURE
- occupational carcinogens (benzene, hexavalent chromium, coal tar pitch volatile (CTPV), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), (H2SO4), Ni(metal))
STUDY DESIGN
- a cohort study;
The cohort of this study was composed of all male Korean workers employed in the study plants. Cancer morbidity was analyzed using Poisson regression methods. Work histories were merged with the national cancer registry for 44,974 workers who were followed from 1988-2001.
OCCUPATION / WORKPLACE
- workers in the the iro |